爬虫例子入门玩玩

目标：爬取百度百科关于Python的100个网页

 

工具环境：Python 3.5 , Sublime Text 3

 

爬虫调度程序：spider_main.py

# coding:utf8

# from baike_spider import url_manager, html_downloader, html_parser, \
#    html_outputer

import url_manager, html_downloader, html_parser, \
    html_outputer

import socket

class SpiderMain(object):
    #构造方法
    def __init__(self):
        #url管理器
        self.urls = url_manager.UrlManager()
        #下载器
        self.downloader = html_downloader.HtmlDownloader()
        #解析顺
        self.parser = html_parser.HtmlParser()
        #输出器
        self.outputer = html_outputer.HtmlOutputer()

        self.log_datas = [] #log列表

    #爬虫调度程序
    def craw(self, root_url):
        count = 1
        self.urls.add_new_url(root_url)
        while self.urls.has_new_url():
            try:
                new_url = self.urls.get_new_url()
                print ('craw %d : %s'%(count,new_url))
                html_cont = self.downloader.download(new_url) #这里有下载不动或超时，程序一直卡在这里的问题
                new_urls, new_data = self.parser.parse(new_url, html_cont)                
                self.urls.add_new_urls(new_urls)
                self.outputer.collect_data(new_data)

                # logs
                self.collect_log('craw %d : %s'%(count,new_url))

                if count == 100:
                    break

                count = count +1
            except:
                print('craw failed!')

        self.outputer.output_html()

        # logs
        self.write_log()

    #收集日志
    def collect_log(self, data):
        if data is None:
            return
        self.log_datas.append(data)

    #写日志
    def write_log(self):
        fout = open('output.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') # 文件的输出对象 W 写模式 , 同时指定文件的编码格式
        #fout.write(str(self.log_datas))
        for data in self.log_datas:
            #fout.write(str(data))
            fout.write(data+'\r\n')
        fout.close()

if __name__=="__main__":
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(5) #设置全局的超时时间为5s
    root_url="http://baike.baidu.com/item/Python"
    #root_url=r"http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BB%91%E6%B2%B3%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"
    obj_spider = SpiderMain()
    print ('Spider starting....')
    obj_spider.craw(root_url)

 

 

url管理器：url_manager.py

# coding:utf8

#url管理器
class UrlManager(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.new_urls = set()
        self.old_urls = set()
        print ('init url manager')

    #向管理器中添加一个新的url
    def add_new_url(self, url):
        if url is None:
            return
        if url not in self.new_urls and url not in self.old_urls:
            self.new_urls.add(url)

    #向管理器中添加多个新的url
    def add_new_urls(self, urls):
        if urls is None or len(urls) == 0:
            return
        for url in urls:
            self.add_new_url(url) #调用上面单个添加url方法add_new_url

    #在管理器中查找一个url
    def has_new_url(self):
        return len(self.new_urls) !=0

    #在管理器中获取一个url，获取后，删除它在新的url中，并保存在旧的url中
    def get_new_url(self):
        new_url = self.new_urls.pop() #查找并删除
        self.old_urls.add(new_url)
        return new_url

 

 

下载器：html_downloader.py

# coding:utf8

# import urllib
import urllib.request

#下载器
class HtmlDownloader(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print ('init html downloader')


    def download(self, url):
        if url is None:
            return None

        # 下面这种方式，容易卡死，或下载超时，解决方法在爬虫的主入口中，增加全局超时设置：socket.setdefaulttimeout(10) #设置全局的超时时间为10s
        # 这种方式比下面的方式，要节省时间
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)

        # 下面另外一种防止卡死，或下载超时方法：
        # response = urllib.request.urlopen(url,timeout=3)

        if response.getcode() != 200:
            return None

        return response.read()
        

        

 

 

解析器：html_parser.py

# coding:utf8


from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
# import urlparse
import urllib.parse

#解析器

class HtmlParser(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print ('init html parser')

    def _get_new_urls(self, page_url, soup):
        # /view/123.htm
        new_urls = set()
        #links = soup.find_all('a', href=re.compile(r"/view/\d+\.htm"))
        links = soup.find_all('a', href=re.compile(r"/item/"))
    
        for link in links:
            new_url = link['href']
            #new_full_url = urlparse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)
            new_full_url =urllib.parse.urljoin(page_url,new_url)
            new_urls.add(new_full_url)

        return new_urls


    def _get_new_data(self, page_url, soup):
        # 定义一个字典
        res_data = {}

        # url
        res_data['url'] = page_url

        #<dd class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title"> <h1>Python</h1>
        title_node = soup.find('dd', class_="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title").find("h1")
        res_data['title'] = title_node.get_text()

        #<div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
        summary_node = soup.find('div', class_="lemma-summary")
        res_data['summary'] = summary_node.get_text()

        return res_data


    def parse(self, page_url, html_cont):        
        if page_url is None or html_cont is None:
            return

        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_cont, 'html.parser', from_encoding='utf-8')
        new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url, soup)
        new_data = self._get_new_data(page_url, soup)

        return new_urls, new_data

 

 

输出器：html_outputer.py

# coding:utf8



#输出器
class HtmlOutputer(object):
    # 构造函数
    def __init__(self):
        self.datas = [] #列表
        print ('init html outputer')


    def collect_data(self, data):
        if data is None:
            return
        self.datas.append(data)


    def output_html(self):
        #fout = open('output.html','w') # 文件的输出对象 W 写模式
        fout = open('output.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') # 文件的输出对象 W 写模式 , 同时指定文件的编码格式
        
        fout.write("<html>")
        fout.write("<body>")

        fout.write("<table>")

        count = 1
        for data in self.datas:
            fout.write("<tr>")

            #fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['url'].encode('utf-8'))# python默认输出编码ascii
            #fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['title'].encode('utf-8'))
            #fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['summary'].encode('utf-8'))

            fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % count)
            fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['url'])# python3默认输出编码Unicode
            fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['title'])
            fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['summary'])

            fout.write("</tr>")

            count = count + 1

        fout.write("</table>")

        fout.write("</body>")
        fout.write("</html>")

        fout.close()

 

 

最后效果：

 

 

 总结：

 　　对Python爬虫的基本了解掌握，还需学习更多知识，探索未知！

 

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/phprun/p/6803745.html