Calling Overridden Constructor and Base Constructor in C#

问题

I have two classes, Foo and Bar, that have constructors like this:

class Foo
{
    Foo()
    {
      // do some stuff
    }

    Foo(int arg)
    {
      // do some other stuff
    }
}

class Bar : Foo
{
    Bar() : base()
    {
      // some third thing
    }
}

Now I want to introduce a constructor for Bar that takes an int, but I want the stuff that happens in Bar() to run as well as the stuff from Foo(int). Something like this:

Bar(int arg) : Bar(), base(arg)
{
  // some fourth thing
}

Is there any way to do this in C#? The best I have so far is putting the work done by Bar() into a function, that also gets called by Bar(int), but this is pretty inelegant.

回答1:

No, this isn't possible. If you use Reflector to examine the IL that's generated for each constructor, you'll see why -- you'd end up calling both of the constructors for the base class. In theory, the compiler could construct hidden methods to accomplish what you want, but there really isn't any advantage over you doing the same thing explicitly.

回答2:

I would re-chain constructors, so they are called like

Bar() : this(0) 
Bar(int) : Foo(int) initializes Bar
Foo(int) initializes Foo
Foo() : this(0)

This is suitable, if parameterless constructors are assuming some kind of default value for int parameter of other constructor. If constructors are unrelated, you probably doing something wrong with your type, or maybe we need more information about what are you trying to achieve.

回答3:

I would recommend changing your constructor chain to go from least specific to most specific.

class Foo
{
    Foo()
    {
      // do some stuff
    }

    Foo(int arg): this()
    {
      // do some other stuff
    }
}

class Bar : Foo
{
    Bar() : Bar(0)
    {
      // some third thing
    }

    Bar(int arg): base(arg)
    {
      // something
    }
}

Any creation of the Bar object will now call all 4 constructors. Constructor chaining should provide default values to more specific constructors, not the other way around. You should really look at what you are trying to accomplish and make sure what you are doing makes sense. Curt is right that there are technical reasons you can't do this, but there are also logical reasons why you shouldn't.

回答4:

This is only thing I can think of...

 public class Foo
{
    public Foo()
    {
    }
    public Foo(int? arg): this()
    {
    }

}
public class Bar : Foo
{
    private int x;
    public Bar(): this(new int?()) // edited to fix type ambiguity
    {
        // stuff that only runs for paramerless ctor
    }
    public Bar(int? arg)
        : base(arg)
    {
        if (arg.HasValue)
        {
            // Do stuff for both parameterless and parameterized ctor
        }
        // Do other stuff for only parameterized ctor
    }
}

回答5:

Can't you have the Bar constructor that takes an int invoke the parameterless constructor?

回答6:

Can you put the stuff from Bar() in Bar(int) and call Bar(int) with Bar() with a default value? Then Bar(int) can call the base constructor.

class Bar : Foo
{
    Bar() : this(0)
    {
    }

    Bar(int arg) : base(arg)
    {
    }
}

That doesn't exactly answer your question, but depending on your scenario might be a workable solution.

回答7:

can you take the initialization code for Bar() and make it a method and call it from both constructors, and have the new constructor just call base(arg)?

回答8:

You can use this code:

public Foo
{
    public Foo()
    {
        this.InitializeObject();
    }

    public Foo(int arg) : this()
    {
        // do something with Foo's arg
    }

    protected virtual void InitializeObject()
    {
        // initialize object Foo
    }
}

public Bar : Foo
{
    public Bar : base() { }

    public Bar(int arg) : base(arg)
    {
       // do something with Bar's arg
    }

    protected override void InitializeObject()
    {
       // initialize object Bar

       base.InitializeObject();
    }
}

Just override the InitializeObject() method just like in the code above, and put all your code that you want to put in parameter-less constructor there. And finally call base.InitializeObject() at the end of the code.

Hope this is useful.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/335286/calling-overridden-constructor-and-base-constructor-in-c-sharp

标签

constructor