Python - Trap all signals

问题

In python 2.6 under Linux, I can use the following to handle a TERM signal:

import signal
def handleSigTERM():
    shutdown()
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, handleSigTERM)    

Is there any way to setup a handler for all signals received by the process, other than just setting them up one-at-a-time?

回答1:

You could just loop through the signals in the signal module and set them up.

for i in [x for x in dir(signal) if x.startswith("SIG")]:
  try:
    signum = getattr(signal,i)
    signal.signal(signum,sighandler)
  except (OSError, RuntimeError) as m: #OSError for Python3, RuntimeError for 2
    print ("Skipping {}".format(i))

回答2:

As of Python 3.5, the signal constants are defined as an enum, enabling a nicer approach:

import signal

catchable_sigs = set(signal.Signals) - {signal.SIGKILL, signal.SIGSTOP}
for sig in catchable_sigs:
    signal.signal(sig, print)  # Substitute handler of choice for `print`

回答3:

If you want to get rid of the try, just ignore signals that cannot be caught.

#!/usr/bin/env python
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2148888/python-trap-all-signals
import os
import sys
import time
import signal

SIGNALS_TO_NAMES_DICT = dict((getattr(signal, n), n) \
    for n in dir(signal) if n.startswith('SIG') and '_' not in n )


def receive_signal(signum, stack):
    if signum in [1,2,3,15]:
        print 'Caught signal %s (%s), exiting.' % (SIGNALS_TO_NAMES_DICT[signum], str(signum))
        sys.exit()
    else:
        print 'Caught signal %s (%s), ignoring.' % (SIGNALS_TO_NAMES_DICT[signum], str(signum))

def main():
    uncatchable = ['SIG_DFL','SIGSTOP','SIGKILL']
    for i in [x for x in dir(signal) if x.startswith("SIG")]:
        if not i in uncatchable:
            signum = getattr(signal,i)
            signal.signal(signum,receive_signal)
    print('My PID: %s' % os.getpid())
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
main()

回答4:

Here's a 2/3 compatible way which doesn't have as many pitfalls as the others:

from itertools import count
import signal

def set_all_signal_signals(handler):
    """Set all signals to a particular handler."""
    for signalnum in count(1):
        try:
            signal.signal(signalnum, handler)
            print("set {}".format(signalnum))
        except (OSError, RuntimeError):
            # Invalid argument such as signals that can't be blocked
            pass
        except ValueError:
            # Signal out of range
            break

Since signalnum is just a number, iterate over 1 to out of range setting the signal to a particular handle.

回答5:

Works on Windows 10 and Python 3.7:

import signal
import time

def sighandler(signal,frame):
    print("signal",sig,frame)
    return

catchable_sigs = set(signal.Signals)
for sig in catchable_sigs:
    try:
        signal.signal(sig, sighandler)
        print("Setting ",sig)
        print ("value {}".format(sig))
    except (ValueError, OSError, RuntimeError) as m:
        print("Skipping ",sig)
        print ("Value {}".format(sig))


# press some keys or issue kill
x = 0
while x < 5:
    time.sleep(4)
    x += 1

Results:

Skipping  Signals.CTRL_C_EVENT
Value 0
Skipping  Signals.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT
Value 1
Setting  Signals.SIGINT
value 2
Setting  Signals.SIGILL
value 4
Setting  Signals.SIGFPE
value 8
Setting  Signals.SIGSEGV
value 11
Setting  Signals.SIGTERM
value 15
Setting  Signals.SIGBREAK
value 21
Setting  Signals.SIGABRT
value 22

回答6:

That code won't work in the current version of python. There are many variables starting with SIG with the same value. For instance, SIGHUP and SIG_UNBLOCK are both 1. The only way I could think of to get a list of actual signals was to just make it myself.

from signal import *    
signals = {
        SIGABRT: 'SIGABRT',
        SIGALRM: 'SIGALRM',
        SIGBUS: 'SIGBUS',
        SIGCHLD: 'SIGCHLD',
        SIGCONT: 'SIGCONT',
        SIGFPE: 'SIGFPE',
        SIGHUP: 'SIGHUP',
        SIGILL: 'SIGILL',
        SIGINT: 'SIGINT',
        SIGPIPE: 'SIGPIPE',
        SIGPOLL: 'SIGPOLL',
        SIGPROF: 'SIGPROF',
        SIGQUIT: 'SIGQUIT',
        SIGSEGV: 'SIGSEGV',
        SIGSYS: 'SIGSYS',
        SIGTERM: 'SIGTERM',
        SIGTRAP: 'SIGTRAP',
        SIGTSTP: 'SIGTSTP',
        SIGTTIN: 'SIGTTIN',
        SIGTTOU: 'SIGTTOU',
        SIGURG: 'SIGURG',
        SIGUSR1: 'SIGUSR1',
        SIGUSR2: 'SIGUSR2',
        SIGVTALRM: 'SIGVTALRM',
        SIGXCPU: 'SIGXCPU',
        SIGXFSZ: 'SIGXFSZ',
        }

for num in signals:
    signal(num, h)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2148888/python-trap-all-signals