How to print ê and other special characters available in ascii in Python for windows

问题

I would like to print an ê in Python for windows. When I am at the DOS prompt I can type alt+136 to get an ê, however when I try to do this in python for DOS (code page cp437 or after chcp 1252 to cp1252) I can't type alt+136 to get the ê character. Why is this?

print(chr(136)) correctly prints ê under code page cp437, but how can I open a unicode file with these characters:

Sokal’, L’vivs’ka Oblastâ€
BucureÅŸti, Romania
ง'⌣'

and get it to print those characters instead of the below gobbledygook:

>>> import codecs
>>> f = codecs.open("unicode.txt", "r", "utf-8")
>>> f.read()
u"Sokal\xe2\u20ac\u2122, L\xe2\u20ac\u2122vivs\xe2\u20ac\u2122ka Oblast\xe2\u20ac\nBucure\xc5\u0178ti, Romania\n\xe0\xb8\u2021'\
xe2\u0152\xa3'\nThis text should be in \xe2\u20ac\u0153quotes\xe2\u20ac\\x9d.\nBroken text… it’s ?ubberi?c!"

or even worse:

>>> f = codecs.open("unicode.txt", "r", "utf-8")
>>> print(f.read())
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python27\lib\encodings\cp437.py", line 12, in encode
    return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position 6-7: character maps to <undefined>

The following

import codecs
f = codecs.open("unicode.txt", "r", "utf-8")
s = f.read()
print(s.encode('utf8'))

prints

Sokal’, L’vivs’ka Oblastâ€
BucureÅŸti, Romania
ง'⌣'
This text should be in “quotesâ€\x9d.
Broken text… it’s ?ubberi?c!

instead of

Sokal’, L’vivs’ka Oblastâ€
BucureÅŸti, Romania
ง'⌣'

I'm using:

Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:31:26) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32

Is there some way of replacing the ê, etc. in the unicode string to rather be the printable ascii version of ê aka chr(136)?

Note that my question relates to how I can create a new non-Unicode extended ascii string based on the original UTF-8 unicode that will change the non-printable characters to characters in the ascii code page if there are equivalent characters available, or to replace the character with a ? or something similar if an equivalent is available.

回答1:

I see multiple questions, you've stumbled upon several common Unicode issues:

• how to type ê? -- Alt+136 should work for cp437. Try Alt+234 for cp1252 (not tested):

  >>> u'ê'.encode('cp437')
  b'\x88'
  >>> int('88', 16)
  136
  >>> u'ê'.encode('cp1252')
  b'\xea'
  >>> int('ea', 16)
  234
  

• how to print Unicode to Windows console in Python? How to fix UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' ... exception? -- follow the link

• why do you get mojibake if you read text from a file? -- don't print bytes from the file, convert to Unicode first: io.open('unicode.txt', encoding=encoding).read()

• why does Python console display u'\u20ac' instead of €? And in reverse, how to display ê Unicode character using only ascii printable characters e.g., u'\xea'? -- Python REPL uses sys.displayhook() (customizable) function to display the result of Python expression. It calls repr() e.g.:

  >>> print u'ê'
  ê
  >>> print repr(u'ê')
  u'\xea'
  >>> u'ê'
  u'\xea'
  

  u'\xea' is a text representation of the corresponding Unicode string. You can use it as a Unicode string literal, to create the string in Python source code.

It might not be necessary in your case but in general to input/display arbitrary Unicode characters in Windows console, you could install win-unicode-console package.

---

Unrelated: print(chr(136)) is incorrect. It will produce wrong output if the environment uses an incompatible to yours character encoding e.g.:

>>> print chr(136)
�

Print Unicode instead:

>>> print unichr(234)
ê

The reason is that chr() returns a bytestring on Python 2. The same byte may represent different characters in different character encodings that is why you should always use Unicode if you work with text.

回答2:

You decoded it from utf8 when you read it, so you need to encode it when you write it (back to utf8, or to some other codec)

import codecs
f = codecs.open("unicode.txt", "r", "utf-8")
s = f.read()
print(s.encode('utf8'))

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32728802/how-to-print-%c3%aa-and-other-special-characters-available-in-ascii-in-python-for-win