JavaScript Array Iteration returning more than values

问题

This is so simple I am baffled. I have the following:

var x = 'shrimp';    
var stypes = new Array('shrimp', 'crabs', 'oysters', 'fin_fish', 'crawfish', 'alligator');
for (t in stypes) {
    if (stypes[t] != x) {
        alert(stypes[t]);
    }
}

Once the values have iterated it starts returning a dozen functions like

function (iterator, context) {
    var index = 0;
    iterator = iterator.bind(context);
    try {
        this._each(function (value) {iterator(value, index++);});
    } catch (e) {
        if (e != $break) {
            throw e;
        }
    }
    return this;
}

What the heck is going on?

Edit: In these scripts I am using http://script.aculo.us/prototype.js and http://script.aculo.us/scriptaculous.js I remember now reading about the way prototype extends arrays and I am betting this is part of it. How do I deal with it?

回答1:

The for enumeration is going to go over every member of the object you passed it. In this case an array, which happens to have functions as members as well as the elements passed.

You could re-write your for loop to check if typeof stypes[t] == "function" or yada yada. But IMO you are better off just modifying your looping to only elements..

for(var i = 0, t; t = stypes[i]; ++i){
    if (t != x) {
        alert(t);
    }
}

for(var i = 0; i < stypes.length; ++i){
    if (stypes[i] != x) {
        alert(stypes[i]);
    }
}

I wanted to migrate my last comment up to the answer to add the notice of the a caveat for the first type of loop.

from Simon Willison's "A re-introduction to JavaScript"..

for (var i = 0, item; item = a[i]; i++) {
    // Do something with item
}

Here we are setting up two variables. The assignment in the middle part of the for loop is also tested for truthfulness - if it succeeds, the loop continues. Since i is incremented each time, items from the array will be assigned to item in sequential order. The loop stops when a "falsy" item is found (such as undefined).

Note that this trick should only be used for arrays which you know do not contain "falsy" values (arrays of objects or DOM nodes for example). If you are iterating over numeric data that might include a 0 or string data that might include the empty string you should use the i, j idiom instead.

回答2:

you want to do:

for (var i in object) {
    if (!object.hasOwnProperty(i))
        continue;
    ... do stuff ...
}

As for..in enumeration iterates over all properties (enumerable or otherwise) that exist on both the object and its prototype chain. The hasOwnProperty check restricts iteration to just those properties on the actual object you want to enumerate.

ES5 makes things a little better for library developers (and help avoid this stuff) but we won't see that ina shipping browser for quite a while :-(

[edit: replacing return with continue. lalalalala ;) ]

回答3:

Since prototype has extended the array for your convenience you should take advantage of it. Your example could be rewritten as:

var x = 'shrimp';    
var stypes = new Array('shrimp', 'crabs', 'oysters', 'fin_fish', 'crawfish', 'alligator');
stypes.without(x).each(alert);

回答4:

It should be

for (t in stypes) {
    if (t != x) {
        alert(t);
    }
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1495403/javascript-array-iteration-returning-more-than-values

标签

javascript

arrays

Prototype

scriptaculous