in redshift postgresql can I skip columns with the copy function

问题

• I have a .csv table (t1) with columns: c1, c2, c3 in amazon S3 storage
• I want to copy that into amazon redshift
• I create the table with columns: c1, c2, c3 where all columns are nullable

• I copy with command:

  copy t1a (c1,c3) from t1

• I expected it would copy c1 and c3 over from t1 and place the default null value in c2 so a row in t1a might look like (c1_rowX, null, c3_rowX).

• Instead I get a type error because it's coping c2 (string type) data from t1 into c3 (int type) of t1a.

• the copy command works fine when I don't specify the columns:

  copy t1a from t1

• I've included a link to the redshift copy command documentation:

http://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_COPY.html

• main question is there an issue with my use of specifying columns. thanks

回答1:

If you want to skip preprocessing part, you can define the column to be skipped as CHAR(1) and then use a TRUNCATECOLUMNS parameter to a COPY command:

CREATE TABLE t1a (
  c1,
  c2 CHAR(1),
  c3
);
COPY t1a FROM t1 TRUNCATECOLUMNS

The TRUNCATECOLUMNS ignores all data that is longer than defined in a table schema during the import, so all data in that column will be truncated into 1 character.

That's just a hack, preprocessing input file is recommended, but sometimes a hack is all that's needed.

回答2:

Detailed column-mappings are not supported in COPY directly, unless Amazon/ParAccel have added something extra to their PostgreSQL fork that isn't in mainline.

What you typically do in this case is have a script massage/pad the data - read the CSV, transform it as desired, then send the line through the PostgreSQL connection to a COPY ... FROM STDIN command.

Alternately, you might COPY the whole original CSV into a table then transform that data with an INSERT INTO ... SELECT to the real target table.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17055708/in-redshift-postgresql-can-i-skip-columns-with-the-copy-function