Increasing throughput in a python script

问题

I'm processing a list of thousands of domain names from a DNSBL through dig, creating a CSV of URLs and IPs. This is a very time-consuming process that can take several hours. My server's DNSBL updates every fifteen minutes. Is there a way I can increase throughput in my Python script to keep pace with the server's updates?

Edit: the script, as requested.

import re
import subprocess as sp

text = open("domainslist", 'r')
text = text.read()
text = re.split("\n+", text)

file = open('final.csv', 'w')

for element in text:
        try:
            ip = sp.Popen(["dig", "+short", url], stdout = sp.PIPE)
            ip = re.split("\n+", ip.stdout.read())
            file.write(url + "," + ip[0] + "\n")
        except:
            pass

回答1:

Well, it's probably the name resolution that's taking you so long. If you count that out (i.e., if somehow dig returned very quickly), Python should be able to deal with thousands of entries easily.

That said, you should try a threaded approach. That would (theoretically) resolve several addresses at the same time, instead of sequentially. You could just as well continue to use dig for that, and it should be trivial to modify my example code below for that, but, to make things interesting (and hopefully more pythonic), let's use an existing module for that: dnspython

So, install it with:

sudo pip install -f http://www.dnspython.org/kits/1.8.0/ dnspython

And then try something like the following:

import threading
from dns import resolver

class Resolver(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, address, result_dict):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.address = address
        self.result_dict = result_dict

    def run(self):
        try:
            result = resolver.query(self.address)[0].to_text()
            self.result_dict[self.address] = result
        except resolver.NXDOMAIN:
            pass


def main():
    infile = open("domainlist", "r")
    intext = infile.readlines()
    threads = []
    results = {}
    for address in [address.strip() for address in intext if address.strip()]:
        resolver_thread = Resolver(address, results)
        threads.append(resolver_thread)
        resolver_thread.start()

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    outfile = open('final.csv', 'w')
    outfile.write("\n".join("%s,%s" % (address, ip) for address, ip in results.iteritems()))
    outfile.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

If that proves to start too many threads at the same time, you could try doing it in batches, or using a queue (see http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-threadingpython/ for an example)

回答2:

The vast majority of the time here is spent in the external calls to dig, so to improve that speed, you'll need to multithread. This will allow you to run multiple calls to dig at the same time. See for example: Python Subprocess.Popen from a thread . Or, you can use Twisted ( http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ ).

EDIT: You're correct, much of that was unnecessary.

回答3:

I'd consider using a pure-Python library to do the DNS queries, rather than delegating to dig, because invoking another process can be relatively time-consuming. (Of course, looking up anything on the internet is also relatively time-consuming, so what gilesc said about multithreading still applies) A Google search for python dns will give you some options to get started with.

回答4:

In order to keep pace with the server updates, one must take less than 15 minutes to execute. Does your script take 15 minutes to run? If it doesn't take 15 minutes, you're done!

I would investigate caching and diffs from previous runs in order to increase performance.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3089413/increasing-throughput-in-a-python-script