How to skip a paste() argument when its value is NA in R

问题

I have a data frame with the columns city, state, and country. I want to create a string that concatenates: "City, State, Country". However, one of my cities doesn't have a State (has a NA instead). I want the string for that city to be "City, Country". Here is the code that creates the wrong string:

# define City, State, Country
  city <- c("Austin", "Knoxville", "Salk Lake City", "Prague")
  state <- c("Texas", "Tennessee", "Utah", NA)
  country <- c("United States", "United States", "United States", "Czech Rep")
# create data frame
  dff <- data.frame(city, state, country)
# create full string
  dff["string"] <- paste(city, state, country, sep=", ")

When I display dff$string, I get the following. Note that the last string has a NA,, which is not needed:

> dff["string"]
                               string
1        Austin, Texas, United States
2 Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
3 Salk Lake City, Utah, United States
4               Prague, NA, Czech Rep

What do I do to skip that NA,, including the sep = ", ".

回答1:

The alternative is to just fix it up afterwards:

gsub("NA, ","",dff$string)

#[1] "Austin, Texas, United States"       
#[2] "Knoxville, Tennessee, United States"
#[3] "Salk Lake City, Utah, United States"
#[4] "Prague, Czech Rep"   

Alternative #2, is to use apply once you have your data.frame called dff:

apply(dff, 1, function(x) paste(na.omit(x),collapse=", ") )

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22854112/how-to-skip-a-paste-argument-when-its-value-is-na-in-r