nested struct initialization literals

问题

How can I do this:

type A struct {
    MemberA string
}

type B struct {
    A
    MemberB string
}

...

b := B {
    MemberA: "test1",
    MemberB: "test2",
}
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", b)

Compiling that gives me: "unknown B field 'MemberA' in struct literal"

How can I initialize MemberA (from the "parent" struct) when I provide literal struct member values like this?

回答1:

While initialization the anonymous struct is only known under its type name (in your case A). The members and functions associated with the struct are only exported to the outside after the instance exists.

You have to supply a valid instance of A to initialize MemberA:

b := B {
    A: A{MemberA: "test1"},
    MemberB: "test2",
}

The compiler error

unknown B field 'MemberA' in struct literal

says exactly that: there's no MemberA as it is still in A and not in B. In fact, B will never have MemberA, it will always remain in A. Being able to access MemberA on an instance of B is only syntactic sugar.

回答2:

The problem is with declaring the struct A in B. Please specify the name along with declaration, then it works.

package main

import "fmt"

type A struct {
    MemberA string
}

type B struct {
    MemA    A
    MemberB string
}

func main() {
    b := B{MemA: A{MemberA: "test1"}, MemberB: "test2"}
    fmt.Println(b.MemberB)
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19325496/nested-struct-initialization-literals