问题
In Python, what commands can I use to find:
- the current directory (where I was in the terminal when I ran the Python script), and
- where the file I am executing is?
回答1:
To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:
import os
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)
To get the current working directory use
import os
cwd = os.getcwd()
Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:
- The os and os.path modules.
- The __file__ constant
- os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
- os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname
path") - os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
- os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to
path")
回答2:
Current Working Directory: os.getcwd()
And the __file__ attribute can help you find out where the file you are executing is located. This SO post explains everything: How do I get the path of the current executed file in Python?
回答3:
You may find this useful as a reference:
import os
print("Path at terminal when executing this file")
print(os.getcwd() + "\n")
print("This file path, relative to os.getcwd()")
print(__file__ + "\n")
print("This file full path (following symlinks)")
full_path = os.path.realpath(__file__)
print(full_path + "\n")
print("This file directory and name")
path, filename = os.path.split(full_path)
print(path + ' --> ' + filename + "\n")
print("This file directory only")
print(os.path.dirname(full_path))
回答4:
pathlib module, introduced in Python 3.4 (PEP 428 — The pathlib module — object-oriented filesystem paths), makes path-related experience much much better.
$ pwd
/home/skovorodkin/stack
$ tree
.
└── scripts
├── 1.py
└── 2.py
In order to get current working directory use Path.cwd():
from pathlib import Path
print(Path.cwd()) # /home/skovorodkin/stack
To get an absolute path to your script file, use Path.resolve() method:
print(Path(__file__).resolve()) # /home/skovorodkin/stack/scripts/1.py
And to get path of a directory where your script is located, access .parent (it is recommended to call .resolve() before .parent):
print(Path(__file__).resolve().parent) # /home/skovorodkin/stack/scripts
Remember that __file__ is not reliable in some situations: How do I get the path of the current executed file in Python?.
Please note, that Path.cwd(), Path.resolve() and other Path methods return path objects (PosixPath in my case), not strings. In Python 3.4 and 3.5 that caused some pain, because open built-in function could only work with string or bytes objects, and did not support Path objects, so you had to convert Path objects to strings or use Path.open() method, but the latter option required you to change old code:
$ cat scripts/2.py
from pathlib import Path
p = Path(__file__).resolve()
with p.open() as f: pass
with open(str(p)) as f: pass
with open(p) as f: pass
print('OK')
$ python3.5 scripts/2.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "scripts/2.py", line 11, in <module>
with open(p) as f:
TypeError: invalid file: PosixPath('/home/skovorodkin/stack/scripts/2.py')
As you can see open(p) does not work with Python 3.5.
PEP 519 — Adding a file system path protocol, implemented in Python 3.6, adds support of PathLike objects to open function, so now you can pass Path objects to open function directly:
$ python3.6 scripts/2.py
OK
回答5:
1.To get the current directory full path
>>import os
>>print os.getcwd()
o/p:"C :\Users\admin\myfolder"
1.To get the current directory folder name alone
>>import os
>>str1=os.getcwd()
>>str2=str1.split('\\')
>>n=len(str2)
>>print str2[n-1]
o/p:"myfolder"
回答6:
If you are trying to find the current directory of the file you are currently in:
OS agnostic way:
dirname, filename = os.path.split(os.path.abspath(__file__))
回答7:
If you're using Python 3.4, there is the brand new higher-level pathlib module which allows you to conveniently call pathlib.Path.cwd() to get a Path object representing your current working directory, along with many other new features.
More info on this new API can be found here.
回答8:
Answer to #1:
If you want the current directory, do this:
import os
os.getcwd()
If you want just any folder name and you have the path to that folder, do this:
def get_folder_name(folder):
'''
Returns the folder name, given a full folder path
'''
return folder.split(os.sep)[-1]
Answer to #2:
import os
print os.path.abspath(__file__)
回答9:
A bit late to the party, but I think the most succinct way to find just the name of your current execution context would be
current_folder_path, current_folder_name = os.path.split(os.getcwd())
回答10:
Pathlib can be used this way to get the directory containing current script :
import pathlib
filepath = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent
回答11:
To get the current directory full path:
os.path.realpath('.')
回答12:
If you're searching for the location of the currently executed script, you can use sys.argv[0] to get the full path.
回答13:
For question 1 use os.getcwd() # get working dir and os.chdir(r'D:\Steam\steamapps\common') # set working dir
I recommend using sys.argv[0] for question 2 because sys.argv is immutable and therefore always returns the current file (module object path) and not affected by os.chdir(). Also you can do like this:
import os
this_py_file = os.path.realpath(__file__)
# vvv Below comes your code vvv #
but that snippet and sys.argv[0] will not work or will work wierd when compiled by PyInstaller because magic properties are not set in __main__ level and sys.argv[0] is the way your exe was called (means that it becomes affected by the working dir).
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5137497/find-current-directory-and-files-directory