Can I use index information inside the map function?

问题

Let's assume there is a list a = [1, 3, 5, 6, 8].

I want to apply some transformation on that list and I want to avoid doing it sequentially, so something like map(someTransformationFunction, a) would normally do the trick, but what if the transformation needs to have knowledge of the index of each object?

For example let's say that each element must be multiplied by its position. So the list should be transformed to a = [0, 3, 10, 18, 32].

Is there a way to do that?

回答1:

Use the enumerate() function to add indices:

map(function, enumerate(a))

Your function will be passed a tuple, with (index, value). In Python 2, you can specify that Python unpack the tuple for you in the function signature:

map(lambda (i, el): i * el, enumerate(a))

Note the (i, el) tuple in the lambda argument specification. You can do the same in a def statement:

def mapfunction((i, el)):
    return i * el

map(mapfunction, enumerate(a))

To make way for other function signature features such as annotations, tuple unpacking in function arguments has been removed from Python 3.

Demo:

>>> a = [1, 3, 5, 6, 8]
>>> def mapfunction((i, el)):
...     return i * el
...
>>> map(lambda (i, el): i * el, enumerate(a))
[0, 3, 10, 18, 32]
>>> map(mapfunction, enumerate(a))
[0, 3, 10, 18, 32]

回答2:

You can use enumerate():

a = [1, 3, 5, 6, 8]

answer = map(lambda (idx, value): idx*value, enumerate(a))
print(answer)

Output

[0, 3, 10, 18, 32]

回答3:

To extend Martijn Pieters' excellent answer, you could also use list comprehensions in combination with enumerate:

>>> a = [1, 3, 5, 6, 8]
>>> [i * v for i, v in enumerate(a)]
[0, 3, 10, 18, 32]

[mapfunction(i, v) for i, v in enumerate(a)]

I feel list comprehensions are often more readable than map/lambda constructs. When using a named mapping function that accepts the (i, v) tuple directly, map probably wins though.

回答4:

To make compatible with Python3

def map_fn(data):
    idx, el = data
    return idx*el

my_list = [2,3,5,7]

print(list(map(map_fn, list(enumerate(my_list)))))

回答5:

# Python3
map(lambda args: print(args[0],args[1]) ,enumerate(a_list))
# use arg list, just get the result with index

# Python2
map(lambda index,content: print(index,content) ,enumerate(a_list))

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35481061/can-i-use-index-information-inside-the-map-function

标签

python

python-2.7

map-function