Why does this argparse code behave differently between Python 2 and 3?

问题

The following code, using argparse's subparsers, fails on Python 3 but runs as expected in Python 2. After comparing the docs, I still can't tell why.

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
from argparse import ArgumentParser


def action(args):
    print(args)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    std = ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
    std.add_argument('standard')

    ap = ArgumentParser()
    sp = ap.add_subparsers()

    cmd = sp.add_parser('subcommand', parents=[std], description='Do subcommand')
    cmd.add_argument('arg')
    cmd.set_defaults(do=action)

    args = ap.parse_args()
    args.do(args)

The output from Python 2.7.6 is:

me@computer$ python test.py 
usage: test.py [-h] {subcommand} ...
test.py: error: too few arguments

In Python 3.3.5, I get:

me@computer$ python3 test.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 21, in <module>
    args.do(args)
AttributeError: 'Namespace' object has no attribute 'do'

回答1:

the latest argparse release changed how it tested for required arguments, and subparsers fell through the cracks. They are no longer 'required'. http://bugs.python.org/issue9253#msg186387

When you get test.py: error: too few arguments, it's objecting that you did not give it a 'subcommand' argument. In 3.3.5 it makes it past that step, and returns args.

With this change, 3.3.5 should behave the same as earlier versions:

ap = ArgumentParser()
sp = ap.add_subparsers(dest='parser')  # dest needed for error message
sp.required = True   # force 'required' testing

Note - both dest and required need to be set. dest is needed to give this argument a name in the error message.

---

This error:

AttributeError: 'Namespace' object has no attribute 'do'

was produced because the cmd subparser did not run, and did not put its arguments (default or not) into the namespace. You can see that effect by defining another subparser, and looking at the resulting args.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22990977/why-does-this-argparse-code-behave-differently-between-python-2-and-3