copy constructors and base classes C++

问题

I'd like to be able to initialize a derived class from a base class, like so:

class X {
   public:
   X() : m(3) {}
   int m;
};

class Y : public X {
   public: 
   Y() {}
   Y(const & X a)  : X(a) {}
};

Is there anything dangerous or unusual by doing that? I want it because I'm deserializing a bunch of objects who's type I don't immediately know, so I basically want to use X just as some temp storage while I'm reading the whole serialized file, and then create my Y objects (and W, X, Y objs, depending on the data) using that data afterwards. Maybe there's a easier way I'm missing.

Thanks!

回答1:

There should be no problem with this as long as X has a correct copy ctor (auto-generated or not) and you set the other members of Y (if any) to appropriate defaults.

I assume that Y would have some setter methods to update Y with the results of subsequent information from the serialization stream?

Also note that your Y from an X constructor should have a signature that looks more like:

Y( X const & a)   // the X was in an invalid place before

回答2:

Is there anything dangerous or unusual by doing that?

If Y has any data members of its own (not in the base class), they won't be initialized.

class Y : public X {
   public: 
   Y() {}
   Y(const X& a) : X(a)
   {
     //'n' hasn't been initialized!
   }
   int n;
};

If Y doesn't have any data members of its own, why is it a distinct subclass? Is it so that it can override virtual members of X?

It's possible that if X is supposed to be subclassed like this, then it ought to be an abstract class with pure-virtual methods which it's impossible to instantiate by itself.

Instead of what you're suggesting, consider containment instead of subclassing (Y "has a" X instead of Y "is a" X):

class IAnInterface
{
public:
  virtual ~IAnInterface();
  virtual void SomeMethod() = 0;
  virtual void AnotherMethod() = 0;
}

class Y : public IAnInterface {
  public: 
  Y(const X& x) : m_x(x)
  {
  }
  X m_x;
  virtual void SomeMethod() { ... an implementation ... }
  virtual void AnotherMethod() { ... another implementation ... }
};

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1500147/copy-constructors-and-base-classes-c

标签

c++

serialization

constructor

copy