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Setting Mac OSX Application Menu menu bar item to other than “Python” in my python Qt application

由 眉间皱痕 提交于 2019-11-27 01:52:59

问题


I am writing a GUI application using python and Qt. When I launch my application on Mac, the first menu item in the Mac menu bar at the top of the screen is "Python". I would prefer the application name there to be the name of my application. How can I get my program name up there?

The following demo program creates a window with two menus: "Python", and "Foo". I don't like that, because it makes no difference to my users whether I wrote the app in python or COBOL. Instead I want menus "MyApp" and "Foo".

#!/usr/bin/python

# This example demonstrates unwanted "Python"
# application menu name on Mac.

# Makes no difference whether we use PySide or PyQt4
from PySide.QtGui import *
# from PyQt4.QtGui import *

import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Mac menubar application menu is always "Python".
# I want "DesiredAppTitle" instead.
# setApplicationName() does not affect Mac menu bar.
app.setApplicationName("DesiredAppTitle")
win = QMainWindow()
# need None parent for menubar on Mac to get custom menus at all
mbar = QMenuBar()
# Add a custom menu to menubar.
fooMenu = QMenu(mbar)
fooMenu.setTitle("Foo")
mbar.addAction(fooMenu.menuAction())
win.setMenuBar(mbar)
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

How can I change that application menu name on Mac? EDIT: I would prefer to continue to use the system python (or whatever python is on the user PATH) if possible.


回答1:


You seem to need an OSX .app for this to work, as the Info.plist file in there contains the user-visible name for the application that is put there. This defaults to Python, which is the title you see for the program menu. This blog post outlines the steps you need to take, while the OSX Developer Library has the docs on the property list you need to fill.




回答2:


I have found the kernel of an answer to this question. Because I want to award the bounty to someone other than myself (I am the OP), please, anyone, take this kernel and elaborate it into a more complete answer of your own.

I can get the application menu to be "MyApp" as follows:

ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python MyApp

./MyApp MyApp.py

There are two elements required to get this to work:

  1. The symbolic link must be named "MyApp" (or whatever you want to appear in the Application Menu)
  2. The symbolic link must point to the Python executable inside the system python app bundle. It does not work if you link to /usr/bin/python, for example.

There must be a clever way to create an app bundle or shell script that exploits this mechanism in a robust way...




回答3:


If you intend to distribute the app, then symlinking the python binary is not guaranteed to work, considering that typically on development machines the system python is not the default python, and regular users most likely won't have Qt and PyQt installed.

A more reliable approach is to have a native OSX bootstrapping binary that would take care of starting your PyQt app. Both py2app and PyInstaller can generate native wrappers. While py2app worked well for creating an aliased app, i.e. a wrapper that symlinks to existing files on your system, getting it to bundle only the required PyQt dependencies proved to be non-trivial. Moreover the 'aliased app' generated by py2app with the --aliased flag will stop working if you move it to another folder since the symlinks are relative to the folder where you originally ran the build script.

PyInstaller

PyInstaller worked out-of-the-box and I ended up with an OSX bundle that included the dependencies all at around 16MB.

Bundle a python script to a standalone OSX app:

pyinstaller -w --noconfirm -i=myappicon.icns --clean -F myscript.py

This generates a standalone bundle that will display whatever you have in your .setWindowTitle() as the app name in the OSX title bar. The -w switch is important as it will create a MacOS app bundle with a proper .plist file.

NB: For some reason, the version of pyinstaller installed via pip did not work for me. So I removed the original pip version (pip uninstall pyinstaller), and installed the latest develop branch from github with:

pip install -v -e git+https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller.git@develop#egg=pyinstaller-github

After that it worked like a charm.

Mac Automator

Yet another option to create an app wrapper is to use Automator (type the name in Spotlight), go to File > New > Application > search for and drag Run shell script into the editor and under Shell select bash, python. You can also use the Run Applescript and bootstrap your app using apple script - can be useful if you need, for example, to ask the user's password in order to run with elevated privileges.

A better alternative to Automator is Platypus - a free and open-source app that wraps various types of scripts into OSX apps, and also provides some extra features like gui text output windows, running with admin privileges, setting custom icons, etc. The code is available on github.

There is also the option to create a barebones OSX app in Xcode that will launch your PyQt script (some examples here), and do other custom tasks required by your app.

NOTE: Keep in mind that an app bundle that calls your python code with a predefined interpreter is a 'shallow' app bundle, and will depend on whatever python dependencies you have install locally. Most likely will not work OOTB on someone else's Mac.

Nuitka

You might also want to try Nuitka (pip3 install nuitka) which aims to be a project to build truly native executables by converting your python code to C++ and then compiling it.

An example of building a native app with nuitka:

nuitka3 --follow-imports --python-flag=no_site --verbose --standalone --show-progress --show-modules --output-dir=my_build_dir myscript.py

This will create the mac executable with libraries in the my_build_dir folder. You will need to wrap them yourself in a MacOS app bundle, for example with Platypus or with Automator.




回答4:


I know this isn't what the OP wants exactly, but figured it could add some value to searching for a solution to this issue.

You can make the file menus appear in your window UI instead of in the native Mac OS X system menubar:

menubar.setNativeMenuBar(False)

This will cause the menubar to appear as it would appear in e.g. Windows.




回答5:


I would rather end users have access to my Python code so they and see and maybe improve on the code, so I am not interested in options that hide the code. I have found that I can get wx applications (have not tried with Qt) to run with a specified application name using different standard Python interpreters by wrapping them into a bundle as I install them (for example, as part of the conda package install process). Here is short script that creates an .app bundle with a specified name using the Python executing the script. Running the script using the created soft link (see pyAlias, below) as in 

./MyApplication.app/Contents/MacOS/MyApplication /path/MyApplication.py

does the job. 

from __future__ import division, print_function
import os,sys
appName = 'MyApplication'    # name of app
scriptdir = '.'
iconfile = os.path.join(scriptdir,'MyApplication.icns') # optional icon file

if __name__ == '__main__':
    wrapApp = os.path.join(scriptdir,appName+'.app','Contents')
    os.makedirs(wrapApp)
    wrapPy = os.path.join(wrapApp,'MacOS')
    os.makedirs(wrapPy)
    fp = open(os.path.join(wrapApp,'PkgInfo'),'w')
    fp.write('APPL????\n')
    fp.close()
    fp = open(os.path.join(wrapApp,'Info.plist'),'w')
    fp.write('''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n<!DOCTYPE plist SYSTEM "file://localhost/System/Library/DTDs/PropertyList.dtd">\n<plist version="0.9">\n<dict>\n        <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>\n        <string></string>\n        <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>\n        <string>APPL</string>\n        <key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>\n        <string>Created in makeApp.py (Brian Toby/QMake</string>\n        <key>CFBundleSignature</key>\n        <string>????</string>\n        <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>\n        <string>{:}</string>\n        <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>\n        <string>com.continuum.python</string>\n        <key>NSPrincipalClass</key>\n        <string>NSApplication</string>\n</dict>\n</plist>\n'''.format(appName))
    fp.close()
    pyAlias = os.path.join(wrapPy,appName)
    pythonpath = os.path.realpath(sys.executable)
    os.symlink(pythonpath,pyAlias)
    if os.path.exists(iconfile):
        shutil.copyfile(iconfile,oldicon)
    print('Use',pyAlias,'to run wxPython scripts')

Below is an older answer, which I am leaving for any historical value. In my application now, I use a hybrid between these where I create a drag-and-drop AppleScript bundle (as below) where I place a soft link to Python (named to match my app) as above. Building on Christopher Bruns answer, as well as the script from "How to create Mac application bundle for Python script via Python", here is a Python script that creates a bundle (app) for an user Python script, which will show the app name rather than "Python" in the menus. To do this, it tries to locate a bundled version of Python, and symlinks to that with the name of the app. I tested it out with a wxpython script, but it should work for Qt as well.

The user script is run from its original location rather than placing it in the app. If you want to place your script(s) into a bundle (along with python) for redistribution, see py2app instead.

#!/usr/bin/env python
'''This creates an app to launch a python script. The app is
created in the directory where python is called. A version of Python
is created via a softlink, named to match the app, which means that
the name of the app rather than Python shows up as the name in the
menu bar, etc, but this requires locating an app version of Python
(expected name .../Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python in
directory tree of calling python interpreter).

Run this script with one or two arguments:
    <python script>
    <project name>
The script path may be specified relative to the current path or given
an absolute path, but will be accessed via an absolute path. If the
project name is not specified, it will be taken from the root name of
the script.
'''
import sys, os, os.path, stat
def Usage():
    print("\n\tUsage: python "+sys.argv[0]+" <python script> [<project name>]\n")
    sys.exit()

version = "1.0.0"
bundleIdentifier = "org.test.test"

if not 2 <= len(sys.argv) <= 3:
    Usage()

script = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])
if not os.path.exists(script):
    print("\nFile "+script+" not found")
    Usage()
if os.path.splitext(script)[1].lower() != '.py':
    print("\nScript "+script+" does not have extension .py")
    Usage()

if len(sys.argv) == 3:
    project = sys.argv[2]
else:
    project = os.path.splitext(os.path.split(script)[1])[0]

# find the python application; must be an OS X app
pythonpath,top = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(sys.executable))
while top:
    if 'Resources' in pythonpath:
        pass
    elif os.path.exists(os.path.join(pythonpath,'Resources')):
        break
    pythonpath,top = os.path.split(pythonpath)
else:
    print("\nSorry, failed to find a Resources directory associated with "+str(sys.executable))
    sys.exit()
pythonapp = os.path.join(pythonpath,'Resources','Python.app','Contents','MacOS','Python')
if not os.path.exists(pythonapp): 
    print("\nSorry, failed to find a Python app in "+str(pythonapp))
    sys.exit()

apppath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join('.',project+".app"))
newpython =  os.path.join(apppath,"Contents","MacOS",project)
projectversion = project + " " + version
if os.path.exists(apppath):
    print("\nSorry, an app named "+project+" exists in this location ("+str(apppath)+")")
    sys.exit()

os.makedirs(os.path.join(apppath,"Contents","MacOS"))

f = open(os.path.join(apppath,"Contents","Info.plist"), "w")
f.write('''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
    <string>English</string>
    <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
    <string>main.sh</string>
    <key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
    <string>{:}</string>
    <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
    <string>app.icns</string>
    <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
    <string>{:}</string>
    <key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
    <string>6.0</string>
    <key>CFBundleName</key>
    <string>{:}</string>
    <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
    <string>APPL</string>
    <key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
    <string>{:}</string>
    <key>CFBundleSignature</key>
    <string>????</string>
    <key>CFBundleVersion</key>
    <string>{:}</string>
    <key>NSAppleScriptEnabled</key>
    <string>YES</string>
    <key>NSMainNibFile</key>
    <string>MainMenu</string>
    <key>NSPrincipalClass</key>
    <string>NSApplication</string>
</dict>
</plist>
'''.format(projectversion, bundleIdentifier, project, projectversion, version)
    )
f.close()

# not sure what this file does
f = open(os.path.join(apppath,'Contents','PkgInfo'), "w")
f.write("APPL????")
f.close()
# create a link to the python app, but named to match the project
os.symlink(pythonapp,newpython)
# create a script that launches python with the requested app
shell = os.path.join(apppath,"Contents","MacOS","main.sh")
# create a short shell script
f = open(shell, "w")
f.write('#!/bin/sh\nexec "'+newpython+'" "'+script+'"\n')
f.close()
os.chmod(shell, os.stat(shell).st_mode | stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IXOTH)



回答6:


I think you need to do this:

win.setWindowTitle("MyApp")

Edit: This is for PyQt. I don't know the equivalent in PySide.



来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7827430/setting-mac-osx-application-menu-menu-bar-item-to-other-than-python-in-my-pyth

标签
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macos
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