Kaldi toolkit Installation Error on Ubuntu 16.04

Question

Hi I am trying to install Kaldi toolkit for speech recognition on Ubuntu 16.04. I have followed instructions in INSTALL file.

(1) go to tools/ and follow INSTALL instructions there.

Followed procedure in INSTALL file in tools and got following output,

$ extras/check_dependencies.sh

../tools/extras/check_dependencies.sh: all OK.

and executed make without any errors. Here are last few lines in case if you want to take a look

$ make

rm -f openfst
ln -s openfst-1.6.1 openfst

Warning: IRSTLM is not installed by default anymore. If you need IRSTLM
Warning: use the script extras/install_irstlm.sh
All done OK.

Now I moved on to next step

(2) go to src/ and follow INSTALL instructions there.

in src folder, executed configure with following output

$ ./configure

Configuring ... Backing up kaldi.mk to kaldi.mk.bak ... Checking compiler g++-4.9 ... Checking OpenFst library in /home/xxx/Downloads/kaldi/tools/openfst ... Doing OS specific configurations ... On Linux: Checking for linear algebra header files ... Using ATLAS as the linear algebra library. Successfully configured for Debian/Ubuntu Linux [dynamic libraries] with ATLASLIBS =/usr/lib/libatlas.so.3 /usr/lib/libf77blas.so.3 /usr/lib/libcblas.so.3 /usr/lib/liblapack_atlas.so.3 CUDA will not be used! If you have already installed cuda drivers and cuda toolkit, try using --cudatk-dir=... option. Note: this is only relevant for neural net experiments Info: configuring Kaldi not to link with Speex (don't worry, it's only needed if you intend to use 'compress-uncompress-speex', which is very unlikely) SUCCESS To compile: make clean -j; make depend -j; make -j ... or e.g. -j 10, instead of -j, to use a specified number of CPUs debug mode enabled... + exit 0

$ make depend also executed without any errors. But when I execute make, I get following error (I'm not copying everything because it is very long, if anyone wants I can post full output)

$ make

make[2]: Entering directory '/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/src/online2'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/src/online2'
make -C bin
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/src/bin'
g++-4.9  -Wl,-rpath=/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/tools/openfst/lib -rdynamic  align-equal.o ../decoder/kaldi-decoder.a ../lat/kaldi-lat.a ../lm/kaldi-lm.a ../fstext/kaldi-fstext.a ../hmm/kaldi-hmm.a ../transform/kaldi-transform.a ../gmm/kaldi-gmm.a ../tree/kaldi-tree.a ../util/kaldi-util.a ../thread/kaldi-thread.a ../matrix/kaldi-matrix.a ../base/kaldi-base.a   /home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/tools/openfst/lib/libfst.so /usr/lib/libatlas.so.3 /usr/lib/libf77blas.so.3 /usr/lib/libcblas.so.3 /usr/lib/liblapack_atlas.so.3 -lm -lpthread -ldl -o align-equal
align-equal.o: In function `fst::internal::FstImpl<fst::ArcTpl<fst::TropicalWeightTpl<float> > >::WriteFstHeader(fst::Fst<fst::ArcTpl<fst::TropicalWeightTpl<float> > > const&, std::ostream&, fst::FstWriteOptions const&, int, std::string const&, unsigned long, fst::FstHeader*)':
/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/tools/openfst/include/fst/fst.h:745: undefined reference to `fst::FstHeader::Write(std::ostream&, std::string const&) const'
../decoder/kaldi-decoder.a(training-graph-compiler.o): In function `fst::internal::FstImpl<fst::ReverseArc<fst::ArcTpl<fst::TropicalWeightTpl<float> > > >::WriteFstHeader(fst::Fst<fst::ReverseArc<fst::ArcTpl<fst::TropicalWeightTpl<float> > > > const&, std::ostream&, fst::FstWriteOptions const&, int, std::string const&, unsigned long, fst::FstHeader*)':
/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/tools/openfst/include/fst/fst.h:745: undefined reference to `fst::FstHeader::Write(std::ostream&, std::string const&) const'
../decoder/kaldi-decoder.a(training-graph-compiler.o): In function `fst::internal::FstImpl<fst::ArcTpl<fst::LogWeightTpl<float> > >::WriteFstHeader(fst::Fst<fst::ArcTpl<fst::LogWeightTpl<float> > > const&, std::ostream&, fst::FstWriteOptions const&, int, std::string const&, unsigned long, fst::FstHeader*)':
/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/tools/openfst/include/fst/fst.h:745: undefined reference to `fst::FstHeader::Write(std::ostream&, std::string const&) const'
../fstext/kaldi-fstext.a(kaldi-fst-io.o): In function `fst::ReadFstKaldi(std::string)':
/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/src/fstext/kaldi-fst-io.cc:34: undefined reference to `fst::FstHeader::Read(std::istream&, std::string const&, bool)'
/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/src/fstext/kaldi-fst-io.cc:37: undefined reference to `fst::FstReadOptions::FstReadOptions(std::string const&, fst::FstHeader const*, fst::SymbolTable const*, fst::SymbolTable const*)'
../fstext/kaldi-fstext.a(kaldi-fst-io.o): In function `fst::internal::FstImpl<fst::ArcTpl<fst::TropicalWeightTpl<float> > >::ReadHeader(std::istream&, fst::FstReadOptions const&, int, fst::FstHeader*)':
/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/tools/openfst/include/fst/fst.h:796: undefined reference to `fst::FstHeader::Read(std::istream&, std::string const&, bool)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
<builtin>: recipe for target 'align-equal' failed
make[2]: *** [align-equal] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/src/bin'
Makefile:142: recipe for target 'bin' failed
make[1]: *** [bin] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/srinivas/Downloads/kaldi/src'
Makefile:35: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

I've even manually searched for libraries and they are present in the location ../tools/openfst. I even tried system wide installation of openfst, but nothing worked. Any help would be appriciated. Thanks!

Answer 1

Srinivas

I am also using ubuntu 16.04 LTS and I would suggest you to take a look into this website and follow step by step procedure. I think it will solve your problem.

http://jrmeyer.github.io/kaldi/2016/01/26/Installing-Kaldi.html

Answer 2

I solved it using g++-5. Ubuntu 16.04 by default uses g++-5 for pre-installed packages and when I try to compile Kaldi with g++-4.9 and link with Ubuntu packages that used g++-5, linker caused undefined references. I was facing similar issue with other libraries as well

Answer 3

To solve any such errors, I've always followed these steps:

• use g++-4.8 to compile kaldi source.
• add shared flag to your configure command e.g. CXX=g++-4.8 ./configure --shared
• before making in src directory also make the dependencies as well e.g. sudo make depend CXX=g++-4.8
• use root privileges while making and also add g++-4.8 directive to your command as well e.g. sudo make CXX=g++-4.8
• after that compile the online extensions using sudo make ext CXX=g++-4.8

hopefully this will solve your problems.

Answer 4

You can indeed use g++-5 to compile kaldi. It will not support cuda then, as ubuntu 16.04 ships with cuda 7.5 which is incomptatible with gcc 5.

To build with support of CUDA from ubuntu 16.04 :

sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-dev nvidia-cuda-toolkit libcupti-dev g++-4.8
cd tools; make CXX=g++-4.8
cd src; CXX=g++-4.8  ./configure --shared && make-j8