Assembler 64b division | 易学教程

问题

I need some easy way to divide 64b unsigned integers in assembler for x86. My number is saved in two 32b registers EDX:EAX and I need to put result back to EDX:EAX. Factor is in 32b integer. Some code, please?

回答1:

If I interpret your question correctly (particularly the part Factor is in 32b integer), you want to divide a 64-bit dividend by a 32-bit divisor and get a 64-bit quotient.

If that interpretation is correct, then it's actually easy to do in 32-bit code.

The idea is that you divide both "halves" of the dividend by the divisor and reuse the remainder from the first division for the second division.

C code illustrating how to do it:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define C_ASSERT(expr) extern char CAssertExtern[(expr)?1:-1]

#if UINT_MAX >= 0xFFFFFFFF
typedef unsigned int uint32;
#else
typedef unsigned long uint32;
#endif
typedef unsigned long long uint64;

typedef unsigned long ulong;

// Make sure uint32=32 bits and uint64=64 bits
C_ASSERT(sizeof(uint32) * CHAR_BIT == 32);
C_ASSERT(sizeof(uint64) * CHAR_BIT == 64);

int div64by32eq64(uint64* dividend, uint32 divisor)
{
  uint32 dividendHi = (uint32)(*dividend >> 32);
  uint32 dividendLo = (uint32)*dividend;
  uint32 quotientHi;
  uint32 quotientLo;

  if (divisor == 0)
    return 0;

  // This can be done as one 32-bit DIV, e.g. "div ecx"
  quotientHi = dividendHi / divisor;
  dividendHi = dividendHi % divisor;

  // This can be done as another 32-bit DIV, e.g. "div ecx"
  quotientLo = (uint32)((((uint64)dividendHi << 32) + dividendLo) / divisor);

  *dividend = ((uint64)quotientHi << 32) + quotientLo;

  return 1;
}

int main(void)
{
  static const struct
  {
    uint64 dividend;
    uint32 divisor;
  } testData[] =
  {
    { 1 , 0 },
    { 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 1 },
    { 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 2 },
    { 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFUL },
    { 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0xFFFFFFFFUL },
  };
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < sizeof(testData)/sizeof(testData[0]); i++)
  {
    uint64 dividend = testData[i].dividend;
    uint32 divisor = testData[i].divisor;

    printf("0x%016llX / 0x%08lX = ", dividend, (ulong)divisor);

    if (div64by32eq64(&dividend, divisor))
      printf("0x%016llX\n", dividend);
    else
      printf("division by 0 error\n");
  }

  return 0;
}

Output (ideone):

0x0000000000000001 / 0x00000000 = division by 0 error
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF / 0x00000001 = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF / 0x00000002 = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
0xFFFFFFFF00000000 / 0xFFFFFFFF = 0x0000000100000000
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF / 0xFFFFFFFF = 0x0000000100000001

And now the equivalent division code in assembly (NASM syntax) without checking for division by 0:

; 64-bit dividend
mov edx, 0xFFFFFFFF
mov eax, 0xFFFFFFFF

; 32-bit divisor
mov ecx, 0xFFFFFFFF

push eax
mov eax, edx
xor edx, edx
div ecx ; get high 32 bits of quotient
xchg eax, [esp] ; store them on stack, get low 32 bits of dividend
div ecx ; get low 32 bits of quotient
pop edx ; 64-bit quotient in edx:eax now
; edx:eax should now be equal 0x0000000100000001

回答2:

What about using the div instruction?

回答3:

Quick terminology recap: numerator/divisor = result + remainder/divisor

First check if the divisor is zero (abort if it is).

     test eax,eax
     jne .ok
     test edx,edx
     je .divisionByZero
.ok:

Shift the divisor left until the MSB is set while keeping track of how many shifts you did:

    xor ebp,ebp            ;ebp = bits shifted so far
    test edx,(1 << 31)
    jne .l2
.l1:
    shld edx,eax,1
    shl eax,1
    inc ebp
    test edx,(1 << 31)
    jne .l1
.l2:

Set the current result to zero:

    xor esi,esi
    xor edi,edi

Now shift the divisor back to its original position; while subtracting current divisor from remaining numerator and setting a bit in the result whenever current divisor is less than current numerator:

.nextBit:
    shld edi,esi,1
    shl esi,1

    cmp ecx,edx
    jb .doneBit
    ja .subtract
    cmp ebx,eax
    jb .doneBit

.subtract:
    sub ecx,edx
    sbb ebx,eax
    or esi,1

.doneBit:
    sub ebp,1
    jnc .nextBit

At this point EDX:EAX is the same value it was, EDI:ESI is the result and ECX:EBX is the remainder.

WARNING: All of the above is completely untested. It's just an example/description.

NOTE: If the numbers are signed you need to remove the sign bit from the numerator and divisor first; then set the sign bit in the result and remainder later (sign = numerator_sign XOR divisor_sign).

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12965098/assembler-64b-division

标签

assembly

x86

numbers

64-bit

division