terminology

In some texts about XML, the terms tag and element seem to be used interchangeably. Do they mean the same thing, or are do these terms represent different things? Tags mark the start and end of an element. <foo> — start tag </foo> — end tag <foo></foo> — element See the specification : Each XML document contains one or more elements, the boundaries of which are either delimited by start-tags and end-tags, or, for empty elements, by an empty-element tag. See also section 5 of NOT the comp.text.sgml FAQ 来源： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12027770/what-is-the-difference-between-a-tag-and-an

What is meant by ‘value semantics’, and what is meant by ‘implicit pointer semantics’? Java is using implicit pointer semantics for Object types and value semantics for primitives. Value semantics means that you deal directly with values and that you pass copies around. The point here is that when you have a value, you can trust it won't change behind your back. With pointer semantics, you don't have a value, you have an 'address'. Someone else could alter what is there, you can't know. Pointer Semantics in C++ : void foo(Bar * b) ... ... b->bar() ... You need an * to ask for pointer semantics

What's the difference between source file and translation unit? There is nothing we can do From the C++ Standard: A source file together with all the headers and source files included via the preprocessing directive #include less any source line skipped by any of the conditional inclusion preprocessing directives is called a translation unit. A "translation unit" is a source file plus any headers or other source files it #includes, plus any files that THEY include, and so on. A source file is just that...one source file. If it helps any, think of the source file as the "before" the

What's the difference in the outcome between call by reference and copy/restore? Background: I'm currently studying distributed systems. Concerning the passing of reference parameters for remote procedure calls, the book states that: "the call by reference has been replaced by copy/restore. Although this is not always identical, it is good enough". I understand how call by reference and copy/restore work in principle, but I fail to see where a difference in the result may be? Examples taken from here . Main code: #include <stdio.h> int a; int main() { a = 3; f( 4, &a ); printf("%d\n", a);

I am learning C from ' Programming in C' by Stephen Kochan . Though the author is careful from the beginning only not to confuse the students with jargon, but occasionally he has used few terms without explaining their meaning. I have figured out the meaning of many such terms with the help of internet. However, I could not understand the exactly meaning of the phrase 'language construct', and unfortunately the web doesn't provide a good explanation. Considering I am a beginner, what does 'language construct' mean? sakhunzai First, you need to understand what a constructed language is. All

Which of the two is correct terminology? That depends on where you use it... The name of the encoding is UTF-8 . A dash is not valid to use everywhere, so for example in .NET framework the property of the System.Text.Encoding class that returns an instance of the UTF8Encoding class that handles the UTF-8 encoding is named UTF8 . It's definitely UTF-8. UTF8 is only used commonly in places where a dash is not allowed (programming language indentifiers) or because people are too lazy. Following the RFC standard the answer is UTF-8 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3629 I believe according to the Unicode