fflush

Why would I need use fflush on stdout before writing to stderr?

你离开我真会死。 提交于 2021-02-04 11:33:50
问题 I am reading 'UNIX Network Programming: The Sockets Networking API' and in the example code they have an error handling function which contains the following lines: fflush(stdout); /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */ fputs(buf, stderr); fflush(stderr); Where buf contains the error description. I don't understand why fflush is used on stdout on the first line and why the comment explains the reason for its use. 回答1: This is because of buffering. Stdout and stderr are usually buffered

对C语言标准IO的理解

微笑、不失礼 提交于 2020-01-31 04:55:47
对标准IO的理解: 个人理解,如果有错误请指出 c语言标准IO通过一个 FILE 结构来封装了 read 和 write 系统调用,并且标准IO缓冲区的分配也是通过修改 FILE 的元素来改变, 由于常用 stdin , stdout ,就认为缓冲区是分为输入缓冲区和输出缓冲区的,这只是因为缓冲区承担一项工作(输入or输出) 如果用文件流以 O_RDWR 状态打开一个文件,那么缓冲区将会同时作为输入和输出的缓冲区, 看一段代码 cppreference /* fflush example */ # include <stdio.h> char mybuffer [ 80 ] ; int main ( ) { FILE * pFile ; pFile = fopen ( "example.txt" , "r+" ) ; if ( pFile == NULL ) perror ( "Error opening file" ) ; else { fputs ( "test" , pFile ) ; //fflush (pFile); // flushing or repositioning required fgets ( mybuffer , 80 , pFile ) ; puts ( mybuffer ) ; fclose ( pFile ) ; return 0 ; } }

除非换行符在格式字符串中,否则为什么在调用后printf不会刷新?

醉酒当歌 提交于 2020-01-25 09:33:57
除非换行符在格式字符串中,否则为什么在调用后 printf 不会刷新? 这是POSIX行为吗? 每次如何立即使 printf 刷新? #1楼 stdout已缓冲,因此仅在换行符输出后输出。 要立即获得输出,请执行以下任一操作: 打印到stderr。 使stdout无缓冲。 #2楼 要立即刷新,请调用 f flush (stdout) 或 fflush(NULL) ( NULL 表示刷新所有内容)。 #3楼 您可以使用fprintf到没有缓冲的stderr。 或者,您可以在需要时刷新标准输出。 或者,您可以将stdout设置为unbuffered。 #4楼 默认情况下, stdout 流是行缓冲的,因此仅在到达换行符后(或被告知时)才显示缓冲区中的内容。 您有几种选择可以立即打印: 打印到 stderr 而不是使用 fprintf ( 默认情况下 stderr 是未 缓冲的 ): fprintf(stderr, "I will be printed immediately"); 在需要使用 fflush 时冲洗stdout: printf("Buffered, will be flushed"); fflush(stdout); // Will now print everything in the stdout buffer 编辑 :从下面的安迪·罗斯的评论,您还可以通过使用

python&C&Assembly 常见函数(持续更新)

 ̄綄美尐妖づ 提交于 2020-01-24 18:44:48
PYTHON range()函数 range(start,stop[,step]) 计数从start开始(默认为0),到stop结束(不包括stop),step为步长,默认为1 example: range(9):[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] range(1,11):[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] range(0,10,3):[0,3,6,9] range(0,-10,-1):[0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-9] int函数 class int(x,base=10) x--字符串或数字 base--进制数,默认为十进制(如何看x) 返回值:返回整型数据 字符串的截取 变量[头下标:尾下标],其中下标从0开始,可以是正数或负数,下标位置为空表示截取到头或尾,注意:列表右边的元素是不被包含的。 subprocess python中的subprocess模块定义了Popen类: class subprocess.Popen( args, bufsize=0, executable=None, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False, shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines

Is file_get_contents & file_put_contents reliable or can lead to loss of data? Benchmark results

|▌冷眼眸甩不掉的悲伤 提交于 2020-01-06 06:57:31
问题 I was wondering what happens if multiple scripts are sharing same file. I uploaded the test on remote server, where they use HDD to store data. There were 7 tests total, but the family of 6 are compatible. I have 7 files of different size which I uploaded to server and the test. It is loop which reads and writes data from the files. There is 50 microseconds delay in the loop. The loop repeats 50x. I measure the time needed to perform every circle. The differences in the tests (T): Using file

Flushing buffers in C

我与影子孤独终老i 提交于 2019-12-27 13:34:37
问题 Should fflush() not be used to flush a buffer even if it is an output stream? What is it useful for? How do we flush a buffer in general? 回答1: Flushing the output buffers: printf("Buffered, will be flushed"); fflush(stdout); // Prints to screen or whatever your standard out is or fprintf(fd, "Buffered, will be flushed"); fflush(fd); //Prints to a file Can be a very helpful technique. Why would you want to flush an output buffer? Usually when I do it, it's because the code is crashing and I'm

Do I need to flush named pipes?

▼魔方 西西 提交于 2019-12-23 18:17:43
问题 I cannot find whether named pipes are buffered, hence the question. The manpage says https://linux.die.net/man/3/mkfifo: A FIFO special file is similar to a pipe ... any process can open it for reading or writing, in the same way as an ordinary file. Pipes are not buffered, no need to flush. But in a ordinary file, I would fflush (or fsync) the file descriptor. How about named pipe? 回答1: Pipes are not buffered, no need to flush. I'd actually put that the other way around: for most intents and

fflush(stdin) does not work compiled with gcc in cygwin but does compiled with visual studio 2010

蹲街弑〆低调 提交于 2019-12-23 03:39:07
问题 I am (re-)learning programming and I started with C. My IDE (if I may say so) is cygwin (32Bit) and Visual-Studio 2010 both on Windows7. I am always compiling the code I write with gcc (cygwin) as well as with the VS2010 compiler. I do so, I guess, because I think it is a good way of learning. Anyway I just learned about fflush(stdin), i.e. flushing the stdin buffer. Seems a good functionality because else, using scanf appears to be a pain. So I wrote the code below based on an example from

How fo force subprocess to refresh stdout buffer?

时光毁灭记忆、已成空白 提交于 2019-12-22 05:39:25
问题 Platform: windows 8.1 IDE: vs2013 use c/c++ Process A read stdout of subprocess using pipe redirect. but subprocess dont invoke fflush after printf, so processs A cant read anything from pipe before subprocess run to end. ps: I have souce code of subprecess, but its very hard to modify them. So whether Process A can force subprocess refresh stdout buffer to read something before subprocess run to end? (the same effective as fflush) 来源: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22527010/how-fo-force