Given a dataframe that looks like this:
            A   B      
2005-09-06  5  -2  
2005-09-07 -1   3  
2005-09-08  4   5 
2005-09-09 -8   2
2005-09-10 -2  -         
        
import pandas as pd
from StringIO import StringIO
table = """dt          A   B
2005-09-06  5  -2
2005-09-07 -1   3
2005-09-08  4   5
2005-09-09 -8   2
2005-09-10 -2  -5
2005-09-11 -7   9
2005-09-12  2   8
2005-09-13  6  -5
2005-09-14  6  -5
"""
sio = StringIO(table)
df = pd.read_table(sio, sep=r"\s+", parse_dates=['dt'])
df.set_index("dt", inplace=True)
a = df['A'] > 0
b = df['B'] > 0
df1 = df.groupby([a,b]).count()
print df1["A"].unstack()
output:
B      False  True
A
False      1      3
True       3      2
this is just lnanenok's answer and using unstack() to make it more readable. credit should go to lanenok.