Django script to access model objects without using manage.py shell

问题:

I'm writing a script to import some model objects into the database my django application uses. In the past I've solved this by running ./manage.py shell and then import myscript. I'm sure there's a better way. I'd like to be able to call a script from anywhere on my HD using python scriptname.py, and in the first few lines of that script it would do whatever imports / other operations necessary so that it can access model objects and behave as though it was run using manage.py shell.

What do I need to add to my script to achieve this?

EDIT:

Based on @Melug's answer, with addition of dynamically setting Python path to address the 'anywhere on my HD' part of the question:

import sys sys.path.append('c:\\my_projec_src_folder') from myproject import settings from django.core.management import setup_environ setup_environ(settings) 

回答1:

You need to setup django environment first:

from your_project import settings from django.core.management import setup_environ setup_environ(settings) 

At last import your models, everything goes just like django.

回答2:

Since Django 1.4 you should avoid using setup_environ(settings) (post by Melug) because it is deprecated. Use the following instead and you will be able to access your model

import os  os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "your_project_name.settings")  # your imports, e.g. Django models from your_project_name.models import Location  # From now onwards start your script.. 

Here is an example to access and modify your model:

if __name__ == '__main__':         # e.g. add a new location     l = Location()     l.name = 'Berlin'     l.save()      # this is an example to access your model     locations = Location.objects.all()     print locations      # e.g. delete the location     berlin = Location.objects.filter(name='Berlin')     print berlin     berlin.delete() 

Example model:

class Location(models.Model):     name = models.CharField(max_length=100) 

回答3:

To get models loaded too, I had to combine this with this answer, otherwise I get django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Models aren't loaded yet

import os os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "my_project.settings") import django django.setup() 

As an extra, I add this to the __init__.py of my django projects, it will automatically discover the app name so it is copy/paste-able:

import os   def setup():     module = os.path.split(os.path.dirname(__file__))[-1]     os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "{}.settings".format(module))     import django     django.setup() 

Then I can just do:

from  import setup setup() 

回答4:

I think the best way is to create your custom management command(s). Then you can call manage.py from anywhere.

回答5:

For Django version 1.9 or later you can use this:

import sys import os import django  sys.path.append('your_project_directory') os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'your_project.settings' django.setup()  from yourapp.models import your_model 

so you can use object as same django object:

from myapp.models. import Locations all_locations = Locations.object.all() first_location = Locations.object.get(id=1) print first_location.name() first_location.save() 

回答6:

FOR DJANGO 1.11

Upper solutions did not work, but gave me an error:

django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

For me solution from here worked out:

import os from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application  os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myapp.settings' application = get_wsgi_application() 

回答7:

Here is the answer for Django versions > 1.4:

from django.core.management import settings from myproject.myproject import settings as project_settings  if not settings.configured:   settings.configure(default_settings=project_settings) 

回答8:

Since at least Django 1.11, your main app includes a wsgi module that does the neccessary setup on import. Assuming myproject/myproject is where your settings.py is, in your script just import:

from myproject.wsgi import application 

回答9:

If you get:

django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Models aren't loaded yet. 

Try:

import os from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application  os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'myapp.settings') application = get_wsgi_application() 

回答10:

Try:

os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "mysite.settings"

if os.environ.setdefault doesn't work. (Windows 10, python3.6.4, django 2.0.3)

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