Let GTEST_DIR be the environment variable storing the path to the googletest directory. (I cloned googletest-master from googletest's github repo.)
I cd'ed into $GTEST_DIR, did a mkdir build && cd build, then executed the following command :
cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$GNU-6.0.0/bin/gcc-6.0.0 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$GNU-6.0.0/bin/g++-6.0.0 where GNU-6.0.0 is the path to my gnu install. This generated a Makefile inside $GTEST_DIR/build that I tweaked as follows : I've added
CC = $GNU-6.0.0/bin/gcc-6.0.0 CXX = $GNU-6.0.0/bin/g++-6.0.0 at its beginning, to be sure that the c and c++ compilers that will be used will be those I want to be used. Then I ran make which produced archive files libgtest.a and libgtest_main.a inside $GTEST_DIR/build.
Next step : in a same folder I put a main test source file main.cpp containg :
#include "path/to/gtest.h" int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc,argv); return RUN_ALL_TESTS(); } and a dummy test dummy_test.cpp containing :
#include "path/to/gtest.h" TEST(dummy_test, test1) { EXPECT_EQ(1,1); } and a Makefile containing :
CC = gcc-6.0.0 CXX = g++-6.0.0 CPPFLAGS += -isystem $(GTEST_DIR)/include LDFLAGS := -L/usr/lib -lpthread -L$(GTEST_DIR)/build -lgtest all : $(CXX) -o cpptests $(CPPFLAGS) ./main.cpp ./dummy_test.cpp $(LDFLAGS) clean : rm -rf ./cpptests Running make I have this output :
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator >::end() const", referenced from: testing::internal::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&) in libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o) "std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator >::data() const", referenced from: testing::internal::PrintStringTo(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&, std::basic_ostream >*) in libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o) __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<:__is_char>::__value, bool>::__type std::operator==(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&) in libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o) "std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator >::find(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&, unsigned long) const", referenced from: bool testing::(anonymous namespace)::IsSubstringPred<:__cxx11::basic_string std::char_traits="">, std::allocator > >(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&) in libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o) "std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator >::find(char, unsigned long) const", referenced from: testing::internal::SplitString(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&, char, std::vector<:__cxx11::basic_string std::char_traits="">, std::allocator >, std::allocator<:__cxx11::basic_string std::char_traits="">, std::allocator > > >*) in libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o) testing::internal::FormatDeathTestOutput(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&) in libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o) "std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator >::size() const", referenced from: testing::internal::(anonymous namespace)::SplitEscapedString(std::__cxx11::basic_string, std::allocator > const&) in libgtest.a(gtest-all.cc.o) ... ... ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [all] Error 1 The entire output is in this snippet while the output of nm libgtest.a is in this snippet.
Precision : I am under mac os x 10.10.5. As I want to continue working, developping code and testing it, while the aforementionned error with gcc/g++ 6.0.0 is solved, I tried to switch to another compiler : clang, and I remarked that I had no error at all with it.
Remark libgtest.a was initially (that is, before I asked this question) built "by error" with clang and used in tests with g++-6.1.0 when I encountered the error, that's why I decided to rebuild libgtest.a with g++-6.1.0, thinking that it would solve the problem, but it didn't, which led me to post here.