【SpringCloud】Zuul在何种情况下使用Hystrix

匿名 (未验证) 提交于 2019-12-02 22:59:29

首先,引入 spring-cloud-starter-zuul 之后会间接引入:

hystrix依赖已经引入,那么何种情况下使用hystrix呢?
在Zuul的自动配置类 ZuulServerAutoConfiguration 和 ZuulProxyAutoConfiguration 中总共会向Spring容器注入3个Zuul的RouteFilter,分别是
SimpleHostRoutingFilter
简单路由,通过HttpClient向预定的URL发送请求
生效条件:
RequestContext.getCurrentContext().getRouteHost() != null

1、RequestContext中的routeHost不为空,routeHost就是URL,即使用URL直连
2、RequestContext中的sendZuulResponse为true,即是否将response发送给客户端,默认为true
RibbonRoutingFilter
使用Ribbon、Hystrix和可插入的http客户端发送请求
生效条件:
(RequestContext.getRouteHost() == null && RequestContext.get(SERVICE_ID_KEY) != null

1、RequestContext中的routeHost为空,即URL为空
2、RequestContext中的serviceId不为空
3、RequestContext中的sendZuulResponse为true,即是否将response发送给客户端,默认为true
SendForwardFilter
forward到本地URL
生效条件:
RequestContext.containsKey(FORWARD_TO_KEY)

1、RequestContext中包含FORWARD_TO_KEY,即URL使用 forward: 映射
2、RequestContext中SEND_FORWARD_FILTER_RAN为false,SEND_FORWARD_FILTER_RAN意为“send forward是否运行过了”,在SendForwardFilter#run()时会 ctx.set(SEND_FORWARD_FILTER_RAN, true)
综上所述,在使用serviceId映射的方法路由转发的时候,会使用Ribbon+Hystrix
而哪种路由配置方式是“URL映射”,哪种配置方式又是“serviceId映射”呢?
Zuul有一个前置过滤器 PreDecorationFilter 用于通过 RouteLocator路由定位器 决定在何时以何种方式路由转发
RouteLocator是用于通过请求地址匹配到Route路由的,之后 PreDecorationFilter 再通过Route信息设置RequestContext上下文,决定后续使用哪个RouteFilter做路由转发
所以就引出以下问题:
什么是Route
RouteLocator路由定位器如何根据请求路径匹配路由
匹配到路由后,PreDecorationFilter如何设置RequestContext请求上下文
什么是Route
我总共见到两个和Route相关的类
ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute ,用于和zuul配置文件关联,保存相关信息
org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.Route , RouteLocator找到的路由信息就是这个类,用于路由转发
public static class ZuulRoute {
private String id; //ZuulRoute的id
private String path; //路由的pattern,如 /foo/**
private String serviceId; //要映射到此路由的服务id
private String url; //要映射到路由的完整物理URL
private boolean stripPrefix = true; //用于确定在转发之前是否应剥离此路由前缀的标志位
private Boolean retryable; //此路由是否可以重试,通常重试需要serviceId和ribbon
private Set<String> sensitiveHeaders = new LinkedHashSet(); //不会传递给下游请求的敏感标头列表
private boolean customSensitiveHeaders = false; //是否自定义了敏感头列表
}
public class Route {
private String id;
private String fullPath;
private String path;
private String location; //可能是 url 或 serviceId
private String prefix;
private Boolean retryable;
private Set<String> sensitiveHeaders = new LinkedHashSet<>();
private boolean customSensitiveHeaders;
}
可以看到 org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.Route 和 ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute 基本一致,只是Route用于路由转发定位的属性location根据不同的情况,可能是一个具体的URL,可能是一个serviceId
RouteLocator路由定位器如何根据请求路径匹配路由
Zuul在自动配置加载时注入了2个RouteLocator
CompositeRouteLocator : 组合的RouteLocator,在 getMatchingRoute() 时会依次调用其它的RouteLocator,先找到先返回;CompositeRouteLocator的routeLocators集合中只有DiscoveryClientRouteLocator
DiscoveryClientRouteLocator : 可以将静态的、已配置的路由与来自DiscoveryClient服务发现的路由组合在一起,来自DiscoveryClient的路由优先;SimpleRouteLocator的子类(SimpleRouteLocator 基于加载到 ZuulProperties 中的配置定位Route路由信息)
其中CompositeRouteLocator是 @Primary 的,它是组合多个RouteLocator的Locator,其 getMatchingRoute() 方法会分别调用其它所有RouteLocator的getMatchingRoute()方法,通过请求路径匹配路由信息,只要匹配到了就马上返回
默认CompositeRouteLocator混合路由定位器的routeLocators只有一个DiscoveryClientRouteLocator,故只需分析 DiscoveryClientRouteLocator#getMatchingRoute(path)

protected Route getSimpleMatchingRoute(final String path) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Finding route for path: " + path);
}

// routes是保存路由信息的map,如果此时还未加载,调用locateRoutes() if (this.routes.get() == null) {     this.routes.set(locateRoutes()); }  if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {     log.debug("servletPath=" + this.dispatcherServletPath);     log.debug("zuulServletPath=" + this.zuulServletPath);     log.debug("RequestUtils.isDispatcherServletRequest()="             + RequestUtils.isDispatcherServletRequest());     log.debug("RequestUtils.isZuulServletRequest()="             + RequestUtils.isZuulServletRequest()); }  /**  * 下面的方法主要是先对path做微调  * 再根据path到routes中匹配到ZuulRoute  * 最后根据 ZuulRoute 和 adjustedPath 生成 Route  */ String adjustedPath = adjustPath(path);  ZuulRoute route = getZuulRoute(adjustedPath);  return getRoute(route, adjustedPath);

}
下面我们来看看 locateRoutes() 是如何加载静态的、已配置的路由与来自DiscoveryClient服务发现的路由的
//----------DiscoveryClientRouteLocator#locateRoutes() 服务发现路由定位器的locateRoutes()br/>@Override
protected LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> locateRoutes() {
//保存ZuulRoute的LinkedHashMap
LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> routesMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute>();

//调用父类SimpleRouteLocator#locateRoutes() //加载ZuulProperties中的所有配置文件中的路由信息 routesMap.putAll(super.locateRoutes());  //如果服务发现客户端discovery存在 if (this.discovery != null) {     //将routesMap已经存在的配置文件中的ZuulRoute放入staticServices<serviceId, ZuulRoute>     Map<String, ZuulRoute> staticServices = new LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute>();     for (ZuulRoute route : routesMap.values()) {         String serviceId = route.getServiceId();          //如果serviceId为null,以id作为serviceId,此情况适合 zuul.routes.xxxx=/xxxx/** 的情况         if (serviceId == null) {             serviceId = route.getId();         }         if (serviceId != null) {             staticServices.put(serviceId, route);         }     }      // Add routes for discovery services by default     List<String> services = this.discovery.getServices(); //到注册中心找到所有service     String[] ignored = this.properties.getIgnoredServices()             .toArray(new String[0]);      //遍历services     for (String serviceId : services) {         // Ignore specifically ignored services and those that were manually         // configured         String key = "/" + mapRouteToService(serviceId) + "/**";          //如果注册中心的serviceId在staticServices集合中,并且此路由没有配置URL         //那么,更新路由的location为serviceId         if (staticServices.containsKey(serviceId)                 && staticServices.get(serviceId).getUrl() == null) {             // Explicitly configured with no URL, cannot be ignored             // all static routes are already in routesMap             // Update location using serviceId if location is null             ZuulRoute staticRoute = staticServices.get(serviceId);             if (!StringUtils.hasText(staticRoute.getLocation())) {                 staticRoute.setLocation(serviceId);             }         }          //如果注册中心的serviceId不在忽略范围内,且routesMap中还没有包含,添加到routesMap         if (!PatternMatchUtils.simpleMatch(ignored, serviceId)                 && !routesMap.containsKey(key)) {             // Not ignored             routesMap.put(key, new ZuulRoute(key, serviceId));         }     } }  // 如果routesMap中有 /** 的默认路由配置 if (routesMap.get(DEFAULT_ROUTE) != null) {     ZuulRoute defaultRoute = routesMap.get(DEFAULT_ROUTE);     // Move the defaultServiceId to the end     routesMap.remove(DEFAULT_ROUTE);     routesMap.put(DEFAULT_ROUTE, defaultRoute); }  //将routesMap中的数据微调后,放到values<String, ZuulRoute>,返回 LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> values = new LinkedHashMap<>(); for (Entry<String, ZuulRoute> entry : routesMap.entrySet()) {     String path = entry.getKey();     // Prepend with slash if not already present.     if (!path.startsWith("/")) {         path = "/" + path;     }     if (StringUtils.hasText(this.properties.getPrefix())) {         path = this.properties.getPrefix() + path;         if (!path.startsWith("/")) {             path = "/" + path;         }     }     values.put(path, entry.getValue()); }  return values;

}
此方法运行后就已经加载了配置文件中所有路由信息,以及注册中心中的服务路由信息,有的通过URL路由,有的通过serviceId路由
只需根据本次请求的requestURI与 路由的pattern匹配找到对应的路由

// ==== 匹配到路由信息 if (route != null) {     String location = route.getLocation();     if (location != null) {         ctx.put(REQUEST_URI_KEY, route.getPath());//RequestContext设置 requestURI:路由的pattern路径         ctx.put(PROXY_KEY, route.getId());//RequestContext设置 proxy:路由id          //设置需要忽略的敏感头信息,要么用全局默认的,要么用路由自定义的         if (!route.isCustomSensitiveHeaders()) {             this.proxyRequestHelper                     .addIgnoredHeaders(this.properties.getSensitiveHeaders().toArray(new String[0]));         }         else {             this.proxyRequestHelper.addIgnoredHeaders(route.getSensitiveHeaders().toArray(new String[0]));         }          //设置重试信息         if (route.getRetryable() != null) {             ctx.put(RETRYABLE_KEY, route.getRetryable());         }          //如果location是 http/https开头的,RequestContext设置 routeHost:URL         //如果location是 forward:开头的,RequestContext设置 forward信息、routeHost:null         //其它 RequestContext设置 serviceId、routeHost:null、X-Zuul-ServiceId         if (location.startsWith(HTTP_SCHEME+":") || location.startsWith(HTTPS_SCHEME+":")) {             ctx.setRouteHost(getUrl(location));             ctx.addOriginResponseHeader(SERVICE_HEADER, location);         }         else if (location.startsWith(FORWARD_LOCATION_PREFIX)) {             ctx.set(FORWARD_TO_KEY,                     StringUtils.cleanPath(location.substring(FORWARD_LOCATION_PREFIX.length()) + route.getPath()));             ctx.setRouteHost(null);             return null;         }         else {             // set serviceId for use in filters.route.RibbonRequest             ctx.set(SERVICE_ID_KEY, location);             ctx.setRouteHost(null);             ctx.addOriginResponseHeader(SERVICE_ID_HEADER, location);         }          //是否添加代理头信息 X-Forwarded-For         if (this.properties.isAddProxyHeaders()) {             addProxyHeaders(ctx, route);             String xforwardedfor = ctx.getRequest().getHeader(X_FORWARDED_FOR_HEADER);             String remoteAddr = ctx.getRequest().getRemoteAddr();             if (xforwardedfor == null) {                 xforwardedfor = remoteAddr;             }             else if (!xforwardedfor.contains(remoteAddr)) { // Prevent duplicates                 xforwardedfor += ", " + remoteAddr;             }             ctx.addZuulRequestHeader(X_FORWARDED_FOR_HEADER, xforwardedfor);         }          //是否添加Host头信息         if (this.properties.isAddHostHeader()) {             ctx.addZuulRequestHeader(HttpHeaders.HOST, toHostHeader(ctx.getRequest()));         }     } } // ==== 没有匹配到路由信息 else {     log.warn("No route found for uri: " + requestURI);      String fallBackUri = requestURI;     String fallbackPrefix = this.dispatcherServletPath; // default fallback                                                         // servlet is                                                         // DispatcherServlet      if (RequestUtils.isZuulServletRequest()) {         // remove the Zuul servletPath from the requestUri         log.debug("zuulServletPath=" + this.properties.getServletPath());         fallBackUri = fallBackUri.replaceFirst(this.properties.getServletPath(), "");         log.debug("Replaced Zuul servlet path:" + fallBackUri);     }     else {         // remove the DispatcherServlet servletPath from the requestUri         log.debug("dispatcherServletPath=" + this.dispatcherServletPath);         fallBackUri = fallBackUri.replaceFirst(this.dispatcherServletPath, "");         log.debug("Replaced DispatcherServlet servlet path:" + fallBackUri);     }     if (!fallBackUri.startsWith("/")) {         fallBackUri = "/" + fallBackUri;     }     String forwardURI = fallbackPrefix + fallBackUri;     forwardURI = forwardURI.replaceAll("//", "/");     ctx.set(FORWARD_TO_KEY, forwardURI); } return null;

}
总结:

只要引入了spring-cloud-starter-zuul就会间接引入Ribbon、Hystrix
路由信息可能是从配置文件中加载的,也可能是通过DiscoveryClient从注册中心加载的
zuul是通过前置过滤器PreDecorationFilter找到与当前requestURI匹配的路由信息,并在RequestContext中设置相关属性的,后续的Route Filter会根据RequestContext中的这些属性判断如何路由转发
Route Filter主要使用 SimpleHostRoutingFilter 和 RibbonRoutingFilter
当RequestContext请求上下文中存在routeHost,即URL直连信息时,使用SimpleHostRoutingFilter简单Host路由
当RequestContext请求上下文中存在serviceId,即服务id时(可能会与注册中心关联获取服务列表,或者读取配置文件中serviceId.ribbon.listOfServers的服务列表),使用RibbonRoutingFilter,会使用Ribbon、Hystrix

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