以scrapy爬虫爬取简书中全部的页面详情数据为例：
1.cmd执行scrapy
创建完爬虫项目后最好为其创建一个脚本启动文件start.py 文件在项目根目录即可
from scrapy import cmdline #启动爬虫命令 cmdline.execute('scrapy crawl js'.split()) 去配置文件更改默认的配置信息：
1.robot协议必须改为false
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
2.添加准备好的请求头信息，防止被网站识别：
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': 'en', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0; rv 11.0) like Gecko', } 至此，新项目的配置完成，开始编写爬虫脚本。
先明确要获取的字段数据，在items完成：
import scrapy class JbookItem(scrapy.Item): title = scrapy.Field() #标题 content = scrapy.Field() #内容 article_id = scrapy.Field() #文章ID source_url = scrapy.Field() #源地址 author =scrapy.Field() #作者 avatar = scrapy.Field() #作者头像 pub_time = scrapy.Field() #发布日期
爬虫脚本代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule from jbook.items import JbookItem class JsSpider(CrawlSpider): name = 'js' allowed_domains = ['jianshu.com'] start_urls = ['https://www.jianshu.com/'] rules = ( #匹配当前页面中全部的url Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'.*/p/[0-9a-z]{12}.*'), callback='parse_detail', follow=True), ) def parse_detail(self, response): title = response.xpath('//div[@class="article"]/h1/text()').get().strip() #标题 # content = response.xpath('//div[@class="show-content-free"]//text()').getall() # cont = ''.join(content).strip() #内容 content = response.xpath('//div[@class="show-content-free"]').get() url = response.url url1 = url.split("?")[0] article_id = url1.split('/')[-1] #文章id author = response.xpath('//div[@class="info"]/span[@class="name"]/a/text()').get().strip() #作者 avatar = response.xpath('//div[@class="author"]/a[@class="avatar"]/img/@src').get() avat = "https:"+avatar.split('?')[0] #头像 pub_time = response.xpath('//span[@class="publish-time"]/text()').get().strip() #发布日期 item = JbookItem(title=title, content=content, article_id=article_id, source_url=url, author=author, avatar=avat, pub_time=pub_time ) yield item 将item字典对象中的数据传递给管道文件去操作：piplines.py
import pymysql class JbookPipeline(object): def __init__(self): dbparams ={ 'host':'127.0.0.1', 'port':3306, 'user':'root', 'password':'root1234', 'database':'jbook', 'charset':'utf8' } self.conn = pymysql.connect(**dbparams) #创建数据库连接对象 self.cursor = self.conn.cursor() #创建一个游标对象 self._sql =None #初始化sql语句 def process_item(self, item, spider): self.cursor.execute(self.sql, (item['title'], item['content'], item['author'], item['avatar'], item['pub_time'], item['article_id'], item['source_url'], )) self.conn.commit() #提交插入语句 return item @property def sql(self): if not self._sql: self._sql=""" insert into article (id,title,content,author,avatar,pub_time,article_id,source_url) value (null,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s) """ return self._sql return self._sql import pymysql from twisted.enterprise import adbapi from pymysql import cursors class JbookTwistedPipeline(object): def __init__(self): dbparams = { 'host': '127.0.0.1', 'port': 3306, 'user': 'root', 'password': 'root1234', 'database': 'jbook', 'charset': 'utf8', 'cursorclass': cursors.DictCursor } self.dbpool = adbapi.ConnectionPool('pymysql',**dbparams) self._sql= None @property def sql(self): if not self._sql: self._sql = """ insert into article (id,title,content,author,avatar,pub_time,article_id,source_url) value (null,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s) """ return self._sql return self._sql def process_item(self,item,spider): #对sql语句进行处理 defer = self.dbpool.runInteraction(self.insert_item,item) #执行函数insert_item 去插入数据 defer.addErrback(self.handle_error,item,spider) #遇到错误信息调用 handle_error方法 def insert_item(self, cursor, item): cursor.execute(self.sql, ( item['title'], item['content'], item['author'], item['avatar'], item['pub_time'], item['article_id'], item['source_url'], )) def handle_error(self,error,item,spider): print('='*20+'error'+'='*20) print(error) print('='*20+'error'+'='*20) 在配置文件中开启piplines管道文件：
ITEM_PIPELINES = { # 'jbook.pipelines.JbookPipeline': 300, 'jbook.pipelines.JbookTwistedPipeline': 300, }