What's the most efficient way to test two integer ranges for overlap?

问题

Given two inclusive integer ranges [x1:x2] and [y1:y2], where x1 ≤ x2 and y1 ≤ y2, what is the most efficient way to test whether there is any overlap of the two ranges?

A simple implementation is as follows:

bool testOverlap(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2) {
  return (x1 >= y1 && x1 <= y2) ||
         (x2 >= y1 && x2 <= y2) ||
         (y1 >= x1 && y1 <= x2) ||
         (y2 >= x1 && y2 <= x2);
}

But I expect there are more efficient ways to compute this.

What method would be the most efficient in terms of fewest operations.

回答1:

What does it mean for the ranges to overlap? It means there exists some number C which is in both ranges, i.e.

x1 <= C <= x2

and

y1 <= C <= y2

Now, if we are allowed to assume that the ranges are well-formed (so that x1 <= x2 and y1 <= y2) then it is sufficient to test

x1 <= y2 && y1 <= x2

回答2:

Given two ranges [x1,x2], [y1,y2]

def is_overlapping(x1,x2,y1,y2):
    return max(x1,y1) <= min(x2,y2)

回答3:

This can easily warp a normal human brain, so I've found a visual approach to be easier to understand:

le Explanation

If two ranges are "too fat" to fit in a slot that is exactly the sum of the width of both, then they overlap.

For ranges [a1, a2] and [b1, b2] this would be:

/**
 * we are testing for:
 *     max point - min point < w1 + w2    
 **/
if max(a2, b2) - min(a1, b1) < (a2 - a1) + (b2 - b1) {
  // too fat -- they overlap!
}

回答4:

Great answer from Simon, but for me it was easier to think about reverse case.

When do 2 ranges not overlap? They don't overlap when one of them starts after the other one ends:

dont_overlap = x2 < y1 || x1 > y2

Now it easy to express when they do overlap:

overlap = !dont_overlap = !(x2 < y1 || x1 > y2) = (x2 >= y1 && x1 <= y2)

回答5:

Subtracting the Minimum of the ends of the ranges from the Maximum of the beginning seems to do the trick. If the result is less than or equal to zero, we have an overlap. This visualizes it well:

回答6:

I suppose the question was about the fastest, not the shortest code. The fastest version have to avoid branches, so we can write something like this:

for simple case:

static inline bool check_ov1(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2){
    // insetead of x1 < y2 && y1 < x2
    return (bool)(((unsigned int)((y1-x2)&(x1-y2))) >> (sizeof(int)*8-1));
};

or, for this case:

static inline bool check_ov2(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2){
    // insetead of x1 <= y2 && y1 <= x2
    return (bool)((((unsigned int)((x2-y1)|(y2-x1))) >> (sizeof(int)*8-1))^1);
};

回答7:

return x2 >= y1 && x1 <= y2;

回答8:

If you were dealing with, given two ranges [x1:x2] and [y1:y2], natural / anti-natural order ranges at the same time where:

natural order: x1 <= x2 && y1 <= y2 or
anti-natural order: x1 >= x2 && y1 >= y2

then you may want to use this to check:

they are overlapped <=> (y2 - x1) * (x2 - y1) >= 0

where only four operations are involved:

two subtractions
one multiplication
one comparison

回答9:

If someone is looking for a one-liner which calculates the actual overlap:

int overlap = ( x2 > y1 || y2 < x1 ) ? 0 : (y2 >= y1 && x2 <= y1 ? y1 : y2) - ( x2 <= x1 && y2 >= x1 ? x1 : x2) + 1; //max 11 operations

If you want a couple fewer operations, but a couple more variables:

bool b1 = x2 <= y1;
bool b2 = y2 >= x1;
int overlap = ( !b1 || !b2 ) ? 0 : (y2 >= y1 && b1 ? y1 : y2) - ( x2 <= x1 && b2 ? x1 : x2) + 1; // max 9 operations

回答10:

You have the most efficient representation already - it's the bare minimum that needs to be checked unless you know for sure that x1 < x2 etc, then use the solutions others have provided.

You should probably note that some compilers will actually optimise this for you - by returning as soon as any of those 4 expressions return true. If one returns true, so will the end result - so the other checks can just be skipped.

回答11:

Think in the inverse way: how to make the 2 ranges not overlap? Given [x1, x2], then [y1, y2] should be outside [x1, x2], i.e., y1 < y2 < x1 or x2 < y1 < y2 which is equivalent to y2 < x1 or x2 < y1.

Therefore, the condition to make the 2 ranges overlap: not(y2 < x1 or x2 < y1), which is equivalent to y2 >= x1 and x2 >= y1 (same with the accepted answer by Simon).

回答12:

My case is different. i want check two time ranges overlap. there should not be a unit time overlap. here is Go implementation.

    func CheckRange(as, ae, bs, be int) bool {
    return (as >= be) != (ae > bs)
    }

Test cases

if CheckRange(2, 8, 2, 4) != true {
        t.Error("Expected 2,8,2,4 to equal TRUE")
    }

    if CheckRange(2, 8, 2, 4) != true {
        t.Error("Expected 2,8,2,4 to equal TRUE")
    }

    if CheckRange(2, 8, 6, 9) != true {
        t.Error("Expected 2,8,6,9 to equal TRUE")
    }

    if CheckRange(2, 8, 8, 9) != false {
        t.Error("Expected 2,8,8,9 to equal FALSE")
    }

    if CheckRange(2, 8, 4, 6) != true {
        t.Error("Expected 2,8,4,6 to equal TRUE")
    }

    if CheckRange(2, 8, 1, 9) != true {
        t.Error("Expected 2,8,1,9 to equal TRUE")
    }

    if CheckRange(4, 8, 1, 3) != false {
        t.Error("Expected 4,8,1,3 to equal FALSE")
    }

    if CheckRange(4, 8, 1, 4) != false {
        t.Error("Expected 4,8,1,4 to equal FALSE")
    }

    if CheckRange(2, 5, 6, 9) != false {
        t.Error("Expected 2,5,6,9 to equal FALSE")
    }

    if CheckRange(2, 5, 5, 9) != false {
        t.Error("Expected 2,5,5,9 to equal FALSE")
    }

you can see there is XOR pattern in boundary comparison

回答13:

Here's my version:

int xmin = min(x1,x2)
  , xmax = max(x1,x2)
  , ymin = min(y1,y2)
  , ymax = max(y1,y2);

for (int i = xmin; i < xmax; ++i)
    if (ymin <= i && i <= ymax)
        return true;

return false;

Unless you're running some high-performance range-checker on billions of widely-spaced integers, our versions should perform similarly. My point is, this is micro-optimization.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3269434/whats-the-most-efficient-way-to-test-two-integer-ranges-for-overlap

标签

performance

comparison

integer

range