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问题:

I am unable to fix this error:

dependencies cannot be applied to '(groovy.lang.Closure)

This is my gradle file:

buildscript {      repositories {          maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' }      }       dependencies {          classpath 'com.crashlytics.tools.gradle:crashlytics-gradle:1.+'      }  } apply plugin: 'android' apply plugin: 'crashlytics'  repositories {    maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' } }  dependencies {     compile fileTree(dir: "$buildDir/native-libs", include: 'native-libs.jar')     compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')     compile project(':FRNDzTER_core')     compile project(':cropper')     compile project(':stickyListHeaders')     compile "com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-loader:${rootProject.universalImageLoaderVersion}"     compile "com.google.android.gms:play-    services:${rootProject.googlePlayServicesVersion}"     compile "de.keyboardsurfer.android.widget:crouton:${rootProject.croutonVersion}"     compile "com.nineoldandroids:library:${rootProject.nineoldandroidsVersion}"     compile 'com.github.chrisbanes.actionbarpulltorefresh:library:+'     compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' }  android{     compileSdkVersion rootProject.compileSdkVersion     buildToolsVersion rootProject.buildToolsVersion     defaultConfig {         minSdkVersion rootProject.minSdkVersion         targetSdkVersion rootProject.targetSdkVersion         versionCode rootProject.versionCode         versionName rootProject.versionName     }      buildTypes {         release {             debuggable rootProject.prodDebug             proguardFile 'proguard.cfg'         }     }      dependencies {     }      packagingOptions {         exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'         exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'     }     lintOptions {         abortOnError false     }  }

回答1:

Based on what Android Studio generates, you need to have a top-level project file build.gradle, and another for your app build.gradle.

Top-level:

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.  buildscript {     repositories {         jcenter()         maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' }     }     dependencies {         classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.1.0'         classpath 'com.crashlytics.tools.gradle:crashlytics-gradle:1.+'         // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong         // in the individual module build.gradle files     } }  allprojects {     repositories {         jcenter()         maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' }     } }

Application level:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application' apply plugin: 'crashlytics'  android{     compileSdkVersion rootProject.compileSdkVersion     buildToolsVersion rootProject.buildToolsVersion     defaultConfig {         minSdkVersion rootProject.minSdkVersion         targetSdkVersion rootProject.targetSdkVersion         versionCode rootProject.versionCode         versionName rootProject.versionName     }      buildTypes {         release {             debuggable rootProject.prodDebug             proguardFile 'proguard.cfg'         }     }      packagingOptions {         exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'         exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'     }     lintOptions {         abortOnError false     }  }     `  dependencies {     compile fileTree(dir: "$buildDir/native-libs", include: 'native-libs.jar')     compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')     compile project(':FRNDzTER_core')     compile project(':cropper')     compile project(':stickyListHeaders')     compile "com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-          l                        loader:${rootProject.universalImageLoaderVersion}"     compile "com.google.android.gms:play-    services:${rootProject.googlePlayServicesVersion}"     compile "   "de.keyboardsurfer.android.widget:crouton:${rootProject.croutonVersion}"     compile "com.nineoldandroids:library:${rootProject.nineoldandroidsVersion}"     compile 'com.github.chrisbanes.actionbarpulltorefresh:library:+'     compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+' }

But even without all that, your problem is that you have a dependencies within your android plugin config.

android {     dependencies {     } }

remove that empty dependencies block.

EDIT: I also started getting this error with the latest Android Studio, all I had to do was add a newer version of the Gradle plugin, and compileSdkVersion 22.

buildscript {     repositories {         jcenter()         mavenCentral()     }     dependencies {         classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.3.0'         classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.4'          // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong         // in the individual module build.gradle files     } }  allprojects {     repositories {         jcenter()         mavenCentral()     } }

回答2:

You can go to Preferences and select "use default gradle wrapper" then rebuild the project. It worked well for me:

回答3:

Go to

Windows

File -> Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Build Tools -> Gradle

Mac

Preference -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Build Tools -> Gradle

and select Use default gradle wrapper

回答4:

My problem is that the whole build.setting file were occupied with cannot be applied to '(groovy.lang.Closure)' warning messages instead of happening on any particular variable.

I have tried all solutions provided by others but none of them works for me. I ended out doing these steps then it works like a charm. If you are encountering the same issue then give it a try.

Open and edit file: yourproject/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties. Edit content to update the gradle distribution version as shown in the image below then save.
Delete this folder: yourproject/.gradle.
Click Sync project with gradle files, then you are good to go.

回答5:

If you already are using the "default gradle wrapper" and it doesn't help:

In Menu click: File -> Invalidate Caches / Restart...

If it also doesn't help try in 2 steps:

1) Delete ".gradle" folder (and "build" folder if you have it already)  2) In Menu click: File -> Invalidate Caches / Restart...

After restarting the warning should disappear.

(For me it worked and for Android Studio and for IntelliJ Idea)

回答6:

I went into the preferences to try one of the other answers when I noticed a warning that my gradle home directory was wrong. So I opened up the file browser and chose the newer gradle version, and all the errors went away. Image shown below.

回答7:

I bet you the problem is totally unrelated to the piece of code that is giving you warnings, most likely it's your proguard file. I had the following in my code and got the same warning:

buildTypes {         release {             runProguard false             proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt'         }     }

By commenting out runProguard false, all of my problems go away, go figure :)

回答8:

I have same problem in android studio 2.2，it work for me:

original:

android { ... }  dependencies { ... }

move dependencies in android:

android { ...    dependencies {    ...    } }

回答9:

Close the project (File / Close project),
Select “Open an existing Android Studio project” on the start menu and select the folder that contains your Android project.

This work for me.

回答10:

Gradle files can be made explicit in several places to avoid such errors. E.g. Change

configurations {

project.configurations {

task {     description 'foo'

task {     setDescription 'foo'

回答11:

To fix the issue simply close the project, then select “Open an existing Android Studio project” on the start menu and select the folder that contains your Android project. Beware, select the folder, not the .iml project file.