Measuring stack usage for Linux multi-threaded app

Question

I'm developing a multi-threaded app for a Linux embedded platform.

At the moment I'm setting the stack size for each thread (via pthread_set_attr) to a fairly large default value. I would like to fine tune that value for each thread to something smaller to reduce my application's memory usage. I could go through the trial and error route of setting each thread's stack size to progressively smaller values until the program crashed, but the application uses ~15 threads each with completely different functionality/attributes so that approach would be extremely time consuming.

I would much rather prefer being able to directly measure each thread's stack usage. Is there some utility people can recommend to do this? (For example, I come from a vxWorks background and using the 'ti' command from the vxWorks shell directly gives stats on the stack usage as well as other useful info on the task status.)

Thanks

Answer 1

I do not know any good tools but as last resort you could include some code in your application to check it, similar to the following:

__thread void* stack_start;
__thread long stack_max_size = 0L;

void check_stack_size() {
  // address of 'nowhere' approximates end of stack
  char nowhere;
  void* stack_end = (void*)&nowhere;
  // may want to double check stack grows downward on your platform
  long stack_size = (long)stack_start - (long)stack_end;
  // update max_stack_size for this thread
  if (stack_size > stack_max_size)
    stack_max_size = stack_size;
}

The check_stack_size() function would have to be called in some of the functions that are most deeply nested.

Then as last statement in the thread you could output stack_max_size to somewhere.

The stack_start variable would have to be initialized at start of your thread:

void thread_proc() {
  char nowhere;
  stack_start = (void*)&nowhere;
  // do stuff including calls to check_stack_size()
  // in deeply nested functions
  // output stack_max_size here
}

Answer 2

Here are two tools that measure (native pthreads) stack usage in Linux applications:

• Valgrind
• Stackusage

Valgrind

Usage:

valgrind --tool=drd --show-stack-usage=yes PROG

Valgrind is a stable and powerful tool, useful not only for measuring stack usage. It may not support all embedded CPU models though.

Stackusage

Usage:

stackusage PROG

Stackusage is a light-weight tool specifically designed for measuring thread stack usage which should be portable for most embedded Linux platforms equipped with glibc. It is likely not as well-tested or mature as Valgrind/drd at this point.

Full disclosure: I'm the author of Stackusage.

Answer 3

Referencing Tobi's answer: You can use pthread_attr_getstackaddr to get the base of the stack at any time, if setting a variable at thread initialization is difficult. You can then get the address of an automatic variable in your own function to determine how deep the stack is at that moment.