extract values from function used by odeint scipy python

Question

I have the following script to calculate dRho using odeint.

P_r = 10e5
rho_r = 900
L = 750
H = 10
W = 150
A = H * W
V = A * L
fi = 0.17

k = 1.2e-13
c = 12.8e-9
mu = 2e-3

N = 50
dV = V/N
dx = L/N

P_in = P_r
rho_in = rho_r

P_w = 1e5    
rho_w = rho_r* np.exp(c*(P_w-P_r))

# init initial case
P = np.empty(N+1)*10e5
Q = np.ones(N+1)
out = np.empty(N+1)

P[0] = P_w
Q[0] = 0
out[0] = 0

def dRho(rho_y, t, N):

    P[1:N] = P_r + (1/c) * np.log(rho_y[1:N]/rho_r)
    P[N] = P_r + (1/c) * np.log(rho_y[N]/rho_r)


    Q[1:N] = (-A*k/mu)*((P[1-1:N-1] - P[1:N])/dx)
    Q[N] = (-A*k/mu)*((P[N]-P_r)/dx)


    out[1:N] = ((Q[1+1:N+1]*rho_y[1+1:N+1] - Q[1:N]*rho_y[1:N])/dV) 
    out[N] = 0

    return out

t0 = np.linspace(0,1e9, int(1e9/200))
rho0 = np.ones(N+1)*900
ti = time.time()
solve = odeint(dRho, rho0, t0, args=(N,))
plt.plot(t0,solve[:,1:len(rho0)], '-', label='dRho')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.show()

P and Q are calculated within the function dRho, they P acts and input for Q and both P, Q and rho_y act as input for out. The function returns "out". I can plot out without any issues, however, I am interested in plotting P and Q as well.

I have tried various approaches to achieve this like: Recalculating P and Q after the integration method but this increased the runtime of the script. So since the calculation is done within dRho I was wondering if and how I could access it from outside to plot it.

I have also tried to add P and Q together with rho0 as input for odeint but both P and Q were taken in the integration which resulted in wrong outcome when returned by the function.

A simplified version:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.integrate import odeint
def dY(y, x):
    a = 0.001
    yin = 1
    C = 0.01
    N = 1
    dC = C/N
    b1 = 0
    y_diff = -np.copy(y)
    y_diff[0] += yin
    y_diff[1:] += y[:-1]
    print(y)
    return (a/dC)*y_diff+b1*dC

x = np.linspace(0,20,1000)
y0 = np.zeros(4)
res = odeint(dY, y0, x)
print(res)
plt.plot(x,res, '-')
plt.show()

in this simplified example, I would like to create an additional plot of ydiff.

Here another simple case:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.integrate import odeint

def func(z,t):
    x, y=z
    xnew = x*2
    print(xnew)
    ynew = y*0.5
#     print y
    return [x, y]    

z0=[1,3]
t = np.linspace(0,10)
xx=odeint(func, z0, t)
plt.plot(t, xx[:,0],t,xx[:,1])
plt.show()

I am interested in plotting all xnew and ynew values.

Another example:

xarr = np.ones(4)
def dY(y, x):
    a = 0.001
    yin = 1
    C = 0.01
    N = 1
    dC = C/N
    b1 = 0
    xarr[0] = 0.25
    xarr[1:] = 2 
    mult = xarr*2
    out = mult * y
    print(mult)
    return out

x = np.linspace(0,20,1000)
y0 = np.zeros(4)+1.25
res = odeint(dY, y0, x)
dif = np.array([dY(y,x) for y in res])
print(dif)
plt.plot(x,res, '-')
plt.show()

I would like to plot the mult values against x

Answer 1

The following could be what you want. You could store the intermediate values in a list and later plot that list. That would require to store the x values as well.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.integrate import odeint

xs = []
yd = []

def dY(y, x):
    a = 0.001
    yin = 1
    C = 0.01
    N = 1
    dC = C/N
    b1 = 0
    y_diff = -np.copy(y)
    y_diff[0] += yin
    y_diff[1:] += y[:-1]
    xs.append(x)
    yd.append(y_diff)
    return (a/dC)*y_diff+b1*dC

x = np.linspace(0,20,1000)
y0 = np.zeros(4)
res = odeint(dY, y0, x)

plt.plot(x,res, '-')

plt.gca().set_prop_cycle(plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'])
plt.plot(np.array(xs),np.array(yd), '-.')

plt.show()

Dotted lines are the respective y_diff values for the res solutions of the same color.