这一章介绍如何在 Docker 内部以及容器之间管理数据，在容器中管理数据主要有两种方式：
数据卷（Volumes）
挂载主机目录 (Bind mounts)
数据卷
1.数据卷 可以在容器之间共享和重用
2.数据卷 的修改会立马生效
3.数据卷 的更新，不会影响镜像
4.数据卷 默认会一直存在，即使容器被删除
注意： 数据卷 的使用，类似于 Linux 下对目录或文件进行 mount，镜像中的被指定为挂
载点的目录中的文件会隐藏掉，能显示看的是挂载的 数据卷 。
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 16.04 657d80a6401d Less than a second ago 121MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 Less than a second ago 126MB
ubuntu v2 a66d0fda4c36 5 hours ago 86.1MB
<none> <none> 986426ddabcf 5 hours ago 86.1MB
nginx v2 06292a546f31 25 hours ago 126MB
commit-test v1 28a5df57c0b9 45 hours ago 447MB
commit-test v2 28a5df57c0b9 45 hours ago 447MB
erixero/centos7.3-base-image latest ae904afa83bb 2 years ago 288MB
ansible/centos7-ansible latest 688353a31fde 2 years ago 447MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c7a2a75a5536 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of��" 26 hours ago Up 26 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
ce4ccea0bde8 ansible/centos7-ansible "bash" 47 hours ago Up 47 hours web3
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -P -v ghd_volume:/data centos7.3-base-image bash
Unable to find image 'centos7.3-base-image:latest' locally
^C
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd -P -v ghd_volume:/data erixero/centos7.3-base-image bash
f6bbea44368060f520a27915e5446ad0cde67ebb4cad99c39370b6b6aa7fa8ce
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f6bbea443680 erixero/centos7.3-base-image "bash" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds vibrant_lalande
c7a2a75a5536 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of��" 26 hours ago Up 26 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
ce4ccea0bde8 ansible/centos7-ansible "bash" 47 hours ago Up 47 hours web3
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect f6bbea443680
[
{
"Id": "f6bbea44368060f520a27915e5446ad0cde67ebb4cad99c39370b6b6aa7fa8ce",
"Created": "2019-08-31T08:53:49.082498253Z",
"Path": "bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 87155,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2019-08-31T08:53:50.080729254Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:ae904afa83bbbb1eb542c356fb42a15f39ce96ce0dba9aa49a8fe51f18a44116",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f6bbea44368060f520a27915e5446ad0cde67ebb4cad99c39370b6b6aa7fa8ce/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f6bbea44368060f520a27915e5446ad0cde67ebb4cad99c39370b6b6aa7fa8ce/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f6bbea44368060f520a27915e5446ad0cde67ebb4cad99c39370b6b6aa7fa8ce/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f6bbea44368060f520a27915e5446ad0cde67ebb4cad99c39370b6b6aa7fa8ce/f6bbea44368060f520a27915e5446ad0cde67ebb4cad99c39370b6b6aa7fa8ce-json.log",
"Name": "/vibrant_lalande",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "devicemapper",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"ghd_volume:/data"
],
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": true,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"DeviceId": "93",
"DeviceName": "docker-253:0-51547343-1e12217a5354101071e294c14c2d50853608f06644729fc76a240de07c2276d5",
"DeviceSize": "10737418240"
},
"Name": "devicemapper"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "ghd_volume",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/ghd_volume/_data",
"Destination": "/data",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "z",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
删除数据卷
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume rm ghd_volume
挂载主机目录
--mount和-v的区别，-v如果容器中没有目标目录会自动创建，使用--mount如果目标目录不存在会报错，为了避免挂错的情况发生，还是建议使用--mount
docker run -it --mount type=bind,source=/opt,target=/opt erixero/centos7.3-base-image bash bash-4.2# cd /opt/ bash-4.2# ls bbb.txt containerd dockerfile ghd redis ubuntu.tar.gz bash-4.2# exit [root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/ [root@localhost opt]# ls bbb.txt containerd dockerfile ghd redis ubuntu.tar.gz #可以看到/opt目录已挂在到容器中