How to plot heatmap for high-dimensional dataset?

问题

I would greatly appreciate if you could let me know how to plot high-resolution heatmap for a large dataset with approximately 150 features.

My code is as follows:

XX = pd.read_csv('Financial Distress.csv')

y = np.array(XX['Financial Distress'].values.tolist())
y = np.array([0 if i > -0.50 else 1 for i in y])
XX = XX.iloc[:, 3:87]
df=XX
df["target_var"]=y.tolist()
target_var=["target_var"]

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
correlation = df.select_dtypes(include=['float64',
                                             'int64']).iloc[:, 1:].corr()
sns.heatmap(correlation, ax=ax, vmax=1, square=True)
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.yticks(rotation=360)
plt.title('Correlation matrix')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
k = df.shape[1]  # number of variables for heatmap
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 9))
corrmat = df.corr()
# Generate a mask for the upper triangle
mask = np.zeros_like(corrmat, dtype=np.bool)
mask[np.triu_indices_from(mask)] = True
cols = corrmat.nlargest(k, target_var)[target_var].index
cm = np.corrcoef(df[cols].values.T)
sns.set(font_scale=1.0)
hm = sns.heatmap(cm, mask=mask, cbar=True, annot=True,
                 square=True, fmt='.2f', annot_kws={'size': 7},
                 yticklabels=cols.values,
                 xticklabels=cols.
                 values)
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.yticks(rotation=360)
plt.title('Annotated heatmap matrix')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

It works fine but the plotted heatmap for a dataset with more than 40 features is too small.

Thanks in advance,

回答1:

Adjusting the figsize and dpi worked for me.

I adapted your code and doubled the size of the heatmap to 165 x 165. The rendering takes a while, but the png looks fine. My backend is "module://ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline."

As noted in my original answer, I'm pretty sure you forgot close the figure object before creating a new one. Try plt.close("all") before fig, ax = plt.subplots() if you get wierd effects.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns

print(plt.get_backend())

# close any existing plots
plt.close("all")

df = pd.read_csv("Financial Distress.csv")
# select out the desired columns
df = df.iloc[:, 3:].select_dtypes(include=['float64','int64'])

# copy columns to double size of dataframe
df2 = df.copy()
df2.columns = "c_" + df2.columns
df3 = pd.concat([df, df2], axis=1)

# get the correlation coefficient between the different columns
corr = df3.iloc[:, 1:].corr()
arr_corr = corr.as_matrix()
# mask out the top triangle
arr_corr[np.triu_indices_from(arr_corr)] = np.nan

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(24, 18))

hm = sns.heatmap(arr_corr, cbar=True, vmin=-0.5, vmax=0.5,
                 fmt='.2f', annot_kws={'size': 3}, annot=True, 
                 square=True, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)

ticks = np.arange(corr.shape[0]) + 0.5
ax.set_xticks(ticks)
ax.set_xticklabels(corr.columns, rotation=90, fontsize=8)
ax.set_yticks(ticks)
ax.set_yticklabels(corr.index, rotation=360, fontsize=8)

ax.set_title('correlation matrix')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("corr_matrix_incl_anno_double.png", dpi=300)

full figure: zoom of top left section: