How can you read a files MIME-type in objective-c

问题

I am interested in detecting the MIME-type for a file in the documents directory of my iPhone application. A search through the docs did not provide any answers.

回答1:

It's a bit hacky, but it should work, don't know for sure because I'm just guessing at it

There are two options:

1. If you just need the MIME type, use the timeoutInterval: NSURLRequest.
2. If you want the data as well, you should use the commented out NSURLRequest.

Make sure to perform the request in a thread though, since it's synchronous.

NSString* filePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"imagename" ofType:@"jpg"];
NSString* fullPath = [filePath stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
NSURL* fileUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:fullPath];
//NSURLRequest* fileUrlRequest = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:fileUrl];
NSURLRequest* fileUrlRequest = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:fileUrl cachePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed timeoutInterval:.1];

NSError* error = nil;
NSURLResponse* response = nil;
NSData* fileData = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:fileUrlRequest returningResponse:&response error:&error];

fileData; // Ignore this if you're using the timeoutInterval
          // request, since the data will be truncated.

NSString* mimeType = [response MIMEType];

[fileUrlRequest release];

回答2:

Add MobileCoreServices framework.

Objective C:

#import <MobileCoreServices/MobileCoreServices.h>    
NSString *fileExtension = [myFileURL pathExtension];
NSString *UTI = (__bridge_transfer NSString *)UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, (__bridge CFStringRef)fileExtension, NULL);
NSString *contentType = (__bridge_transfer NSString *)UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass((__bridge CFStringRef)UTI, kUTTagClassMIMEType);

Swift:

import MobileCoreServices

func mimeType(fileExtension: String) -> String? {

    guard !fileExtension.isEmpty else { return nil }

    if let utiRef = UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, fileExtension as CFString, nil) {
        let uti = utiRef.takeUnretainedValue()
        utiRef.release()

        if let mimeTypeRef = UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass(UTI, kUTTagClassMIMEType) {
            let mimeType = MIMETypeRef.takeUnretainedValue()
            mimeTypeRef.release()
            return mimeType as String
        }
    }

    return nil
}

回答3:

The accepted answer is problematic for large files, as others have mentioned. My app deals with video files, and loading an entire video file into memory is a good way to make iOS run out of memory. A better way to do this can be found here:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/5998683/1864774

Code from above link:

+ (NSString*) mimeTypeForFileAtPath: (NSString *) path {
  if (![[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path]) {
    return nil;
  }
  // Borrowed from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5996797/determine-mime-type-of-nsdata-loaded-from-a-file
  // itself, derived from  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2439020/wheres-the-iphone-mime-type-database
  CFStringRef UTI = UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, (CFStringRef)[path pathExtension], NULL);
  CFStringRef mimeType = UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass (UTI, kUTTagClassMIMEType);
  CFRelease(UTI);
  if (!mimeType) {
    return @"application/octet-stream";
  }
  return [NSMakeCollectable((NSString *)mimeType) autorelease];
}

回答4:

Prcela solution did not work in Swift 2. The following simplified function will return the mime-type for a given file extension in Swift 2:

import MobileCoreServices

func mimeTypeFromFileExtension(fileExtension: String) -> String? {
    guard let uti: CFString = UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(kUTTagClassFilenameExtension, fileExtension as NSString, nil)?.takeRetainedValue() else {
        return nil
    }

    guard let mimeType: CFString = UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass(uti, kUTTagClassMIMEType)?.takeRetainedValue() else {
        return nil
    }

    return mimeType as String
}

回答5:

I was using the answer provided by slf in a cocoa app (not iPhone) and noticed that the URL request seems to be reading the entire file from disk in order to determine the mime type (not great for large files).

For anyone wanting to do this on the desktop here is the snippet I used (based on Louis's suggestion):

NSString *path = @"/path/to/some/file";

NSTask *task = [[[NSTask alloc] init] autorelease];
[task setLaunchPath: @"/usr/bin/file"];
[task setArguments: [NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"-b", @"--mime-type", path, nil]];

NSPipe *pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
[task setStandardOutput: pipe];

NSFileHandle *file = [pipe fileHandleForReading];

[task launch];
[task waitUntilExit];
if ([task terminationStatus] == YES) {
    NSData *data = [file readDataToEndOfFile];
    return [[[NSString alloc] initWithData: data encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding] autorelease];
} else {
    return nil;
}

If you called that on a PDF file it would spit out: application/pdf

回答6:

Based on the Lawrence Dol/slf answer above, I have solved the NSURL loading the entire file into memory issue by chopping the first few bytes into a head-stub and getting the MIMEType of that. I have not benchmarked it, but it's probably faster this way too.

+ (NSString*) mimeTypeForFileAtPath: (NSString *) path {
    // NSURL will read the entire file and may exceed available memory if the file is large enough. Therefore, we will write the first fiew bytes of the file to a head-stub for NSURL to get the MIMEType from.
    NSFileHandle *readFileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForReadingAtPath:path];
    NSData *fileHead = [readFileHandle readDataOfLength:100]; // we probably only need 2 bytes. we'll get the first 100 instead.

    NSString *tempPath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent: @"tmp/fileHead.tmp"];

    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:tempPath error:nil]; // delete any existing version of fileHead.tmp
    if ([fileHead writeToFile:tempPath atomically:YES])
    {
        NSURL* fileUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];
        NSURLRequest* fileUrlRequest = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:fileUrl cachePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed timeoutInterval:.1];

        NSError* error = nil;
        NSURLResponse* response = nil;
        [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:fileUrlRequest returningResponse:&response error:&error];
        [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:tempPath error:nil];
        return [response MIMEType];
    }
    return nil;
}

回答7:

On Mac OS X this would be handled through LaunchServices and UTIs. On the iPhone these are not available. Since the only way for data to get into your sandbox is for you to put it there, most apps have intrinsic knowledge about the data of any file they can read.

If you have a need for such a feature you should file a feature request with Apple.

回答8:

I'm not sure what are the practices on iPhone, but if you're allowed to, I'd make use of UNIX philosophy here: use program file, which is the standard way to detect filetype on an UNIX operating system. It includes a vast database of magic markers for filetype detection. Since file is probably not shipped on iPhone, you could include it in your app bundle. There might be a library implementing file's functionality.

Alternatively, you could trust the browser. Browsers send the MIME type they guessed somewhere in the HTTP headers. I know that I can easily grab the MIME type information in PHP. That of course depends if you're willing to trust the client.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1363813/how-can-you-read-a-files-mime-type-in-objective-c