Default behavior of “git push” without a branch specified

问题

I use the following command to push to my remote branch:

git push origin sandbox

If I say

git push origin

does that push changes in my other branches too, or does it only update my current branch? I have three branches: master, production and sandbox.

The git push documentation is not very clear about this, so I\'d like to clarify this for good.

Which branches and remotes do the following git push commands update exactly?

git push 
git push origin

origin above is a remote.

I understand that git push [remote] [branch] will push only that branch to the remote.

回答1:

You can control the default behavior by setting push.default in your git config. From the git-config(1) documentation:

push.default

Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command line. Possible values are:

• nothing: do not push anything

• matching: push all matching branches

  All branches having the same name in both ends are considered to be matching.

  This used to be the default, but not since Git 2.0 (simple is the new default).

• upstream: push the current branch to its upstream branch (tracking is a deprecated synonym for upstream)

• current: push the current branch to a branch of the same name

• simple: (new in Git 1.7.11) like upstream, but refuses to push if the upstream branch's name is different from the local one

  This is the safest option and is well-suited for beginners.

  This mode has become the default in Git 2.0.

The simple, current and upstream modes are for those who want to push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other branches are not yet ready to be pushed out

Command line examples:

To view the current configuration:

git config --global push.default

To set a new configuration:

git config --global push.default current

回答2:

You can set up default behavior for your git with push.default

git config push.default current

or if you have many repositories and want the same for all then

git config --global push.default current

The current in this setup means that by default you will only push the current branch when you do git push

Other options are:

• nothing : Do not push anything
• matching : Push all matching branches (default)
• tracking : Push the current branch to whatever it is tracking
• current : Push the current branch

---

UPDATE - NEW WAY TO DO THIS

As of Git 1.7.11 do the following:

git config --global push.default simple

This is a new setting introduced that works in the same way as current, and will be made default to git from v 2.0 according to rumors

回答3:

git push origin will push all changes on the local branches that have matching remote branches at origin As for git push

Works like git push <remote>, where <remote> is the current branch's remote (or origin, if no remote is configured for the current branch).

From the Examples section of the git-push man page

回答4:

I just committed my code to a branch and pushed it to github, like this:

git branch SimonLowMemoryExperiments
git checkout SimonLowMemoryExperiments
git add .
git commit -a -m "Lots of experimentation with identifying the memory problems"
git push origin SimonLowMemoryExperiments

回答5:

Here is a very handy and helpful information about Git Push: Git Push: Just the Tip

The most common use of git push is to push your local changes to your public upstream repository. Assuming that the upstream is a remote named "origin" (the default remote name if your repository is a clone) and the branch to be updated to/from is named "master" (the default branch name), this is done with: git push origin master

git push origin will push changes from all local branches to matching branches the origin remote.

git push origin master will push changes from the local master branch to the remote master branch.

git push origin master:staging will push changes from the local master branch to the remote staging branch if it exists.

回答6:

(March 2012)
Beware: that default "matching" policy might change soon
(sometimes after git1.7.10+):

See "Please discuss: what "git push" should do when you do not say what to push?"

In the current setting (i.e. push.default=matching), git push without argument will push all branches that exist locally and remotely with the same name.
This is usually appropriate when a developer pushes to his own public repository, but may be confusing if not dangerous when using a shared repository.

The proposal is to change the default to 'upstream', i.e. push only the current branch, and push it to the branch git pull would pull from.
Another candidate is 'current'; this pushes only the current branch to the remote branch of the same name.

What has been discussed so far can be seen in this thread:

http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/192547/focus=192694

Previous relevant discussions include:

• http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/123350/focus=123541
• http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/166743

To join the discussion, send your messages to: git@vger.kernel.org

回答7:

I just put this in my .gitconfig aliases section and love how it works:

pub = "!f() { git push -u ${1:-origin} `git symbolic-ref HEAD`; }; f"

Will push the current branch to origin with git pub or another repo with git pub repo-name. Tasty.

回答8:

You can push current branch with command

git push origin HEAD

(took from here)

回答9:

A git push will try and push all local branches to the remote server, this is likely what you do not want. I have a couple of conveniences setup to deal with this:

Alias "gpull" and "gpush" appropriately:

In my ~/.bash_profile

get_git_branch() {
  echo `git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/\1/'`
}
alias gpull='git pull origin `get_git_branch`'
alias gpush='git push origin `get_git_branch`'

Thus, executing "gpush" or "gpull" will push just my "currently on" branch.

回答10:

You can change that default behavior in your .gitconfig, for example:

[push]
  default = current

To check the current settings, run:

git config --global --get push.default

回答11:

Rather than using aliases, I prefer creating git-XXX scripts so I can source control them more easily (our devs all have a certain source controlled dir on their path for this type of thing).

This script (called git-setpush) will set the config value for remote.origin.push value to something that will only push the current branch:

#!/bin/bash -eu

CURRENT_BRANCH=$(git branch | grep '^\*' | cut -d" " -f2)
NEW_PUSH_REF=HEAD:refs/for/$CURRENT_BRANCH

echo "setting remote.origin.push to $NEW_PUSH_REF"
git config remote.origin.push $NEW_PUSH_REF

note, as we're using Gerrit, it sets the target to refs/for/XXX to push into a review branch. It also assumes origin is your remote name.

Invoke it after checking out a branch with

git checkout your-branch
git setpush

It could obviously be adapted to also do the checkout, but I like scripts to do one thing and do it well

回答12:

I have added the following functions into my .bashrc file to automate these tasks. It does git push/git pull + name of current branch.

function gpush()
{
  if [[ "x$1" == "x-h" ]]; then
    cat <<EOF
Usage: gpush
git: for current branch: push changes to remote branch;
EOF
  else
    set -x
    local bname=`git rev-parse --abbrev-ref --symbolic-full-name @{u} | sed -e "s#/# #"`
    git push ${bname}
    set +x
  fi
}

function gpull()
{
  if [[ "x$1" == "x-h" ]]; then
    cat <<EOF
Usage: gpull
git: for current branch: pull changes from
EOF
  else
    set -x
    local bname=`git rev-parse --abbrev-ref --symbolic-full-name @{u} | sed -e "s#/# #"`
    git pull ${bname}
    set +x
  fi
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/948354/default-behavior-of-git-push-without-a-branch-specified