.gitignore is ignored by Git

问题

My .gitignore file seems to be being ignored by Git - could the .gitignore file be corrupt? Which file format, locale or culture does Git expect?

My .gitignore:

# This is a comment
debug.log
nbproject/

Output from git status:

# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of \'origin/master\' by 1 commit.
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use \"git add <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)
#
#       debug.log
#       nbproject/
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to track)

I would like debug.log and nbproject/ not to appear in the untracked files list.

Where should I start looking to fix this?

回答1:

Even if you haven't tracked the files so far, Git seems to be able to "know" about them even after you add them to .gitignore.

NOTE: First commit your current changes, or you will lose them.

Then run the following commands from the top folder of your Git repository:

git rm -r --cached .
git add .
git commit -m "fixed untracked files"

回答2:

If it seems like Git isn't noticing the changes you made to your .gitignore file, you might want to check the following points:

There might be a global .gitignore file that might interfere with your local one

When you add something into a .gitignore file, try this:

git add [uncommitted changes you want to keep] && git commit
git rm -r --cached .
git add .
git commit -m "fixed untracked files"

If you remove something from a .gitignore file, and the above steps maybe don't work,if you found the above steps are not working, try this:

git add -f [files you want to track again]
git commit -m "Refresh removing files from .gitignore file."

// For example, if you want the .java type file to be tracked again,
// The command should be:
//     git add -f *.java

回答3:

Fixed. OK, I created the .gitignore file in Notepad on Windows and it wasn't working. When I viewed the .gitignore file on Linux it looked like organised gibberish - perhaps Notepad had written out Unicode rather than ASCII or whatever 8-bit is.

So I rewrote the file on my Linux box, and when I pulled it back into Windows it works fine! Hurrah!

回答4:

Without adding another commit to your project, one line will be enough to make .gitignore work as it is supposed to:

git rm -r --cached debug.log nbproject

This will remove them from the repository, but still keep them physically. In plain English, it deletes any history of changes related to them, and also will not track their change in any future commit. You may find a better explanation here.

回答5:

Another cause of this issue is blank spaces or tabs before the statement:

Example:

# Be aware of the following:
 notWorkingIgnore.*
workingIgnore.*

And as pointed out by the comment below a trailing space can be an issue as well:

# Be aware of the following:
notWorkingIgnore.* #<-Space
workingIgnore.*#<-Nospace

回答6:

As with the other solutions, commit first and be aware that you will lose any un-committed changes.

I had better results with this:

git rm -r --cached .
git reset HEAD --hard
git status

Note that the status shouldn't have any modified files now.

回答7:

I noticed that the encoding of the .gitignore was having an effect--if the file was Unicode, it was ignored, if it was ASCII, it wasn't.

Process:

Verify status: PS> git status
Create a function to Get-FileEncoding
Test .gitignore's encoding: PS> Get-FileEncoding .gitignore
Change the encoding to ASCII: PS> Set-Content .gitignore -Encoding Ascii -Value (Get-Content .gitignore)
Confirm: PS> git status

回答8:

In my case, it's because the files already exist in the repository and I'm trying to ignore it.

These are the things I did to fix the issue:

Copy the files to a temporary folder
Remove them from my project folder.
Commit the changes which remove those files from the repository
Re-added those files to my project folder

By then, any changes I made on those files were ignored.

I think you can't ignore files that already exist on the repository.

回答9:

All the answers here are actually workarounds. You need to create the .gitignore file before you run git init. Otherwise git will never know you need to ignore those files, because they have been tracked already.

echo .idea/ >> .gitignore
git init

If you develop on a daily basis, I advise you to add your habitual ignored files to your ~/.gitignore_global file. That way, git will already know which files you (meaning "your user", since it's a file in your home directory) usually ignore.

回答10:

Also check out the directory where you put .gitignore.

It should be in the root of your project:

./myproject/.gitignore

Not in

./myproject/.git/.gitignore

回答11:

There's another issue with .gitignore that might happen, especially for a Windows user. Git does not like it when you name .gitignore (such as unity.gitignore).

You'll want to always name it .gitignore, or on Windows, .gitignore. as Windows thinks you are trying to rename it without a filename.

回答12:

Specifically for Windows users: If you have untracked files and clearing/removing the cached files is not working. Try opening PowerShell and converting the .gitignore file to UTF-8 encoding:

$Myfile = Get-Content .\.gitignore`
$Myfile | Out-File -Encoding "UTF8" .gitignore

You need to only do this once to encode the .gitignore file for that directory, and since the file is then encoded correctly, whenever you edit the file in the future it should work. I believe this is due to a glitch with GitHub not being about to read non UTF-8 encoding for a .gitignore file. As far as I'm aware this issue has not yet been resolved for Windows. It's not too big of a deal, just a pain to debug when it's not working.

回答13:

I just ran into this issue. The content within my .gitignore file continued to appear in the list of untracked files.

I was using this to create the ignore file:

echo "node_modules" > .gitignore

It turns out that the double quotations were causing the issue for me. I deleted the ignore file and then used the command again without quotes, and it worked as expected. I did not need to mess with the file encoding. I'm on a Windows 10 machine using Cmder.

Example:

echo node_modules > .gitignore

回答14:

For me none of the previous answers worked. I had to copy .gitignore text into the exclude.txt file found at

<Your-project-folder>\.git\info

Once done, refresh your changes and all the untracked files are gone. Commit as usual.

回答15:

My issue was (as OP suggested) a corrupt .gitignore file. I didn't believe that it was and ignored the possibility until everything else failed. The corruption didn't show up in vi, but there were two bytes on the start of the file that caused the .gitignore file to be ignored. For me, these only showed up when I typed cat .gitignore, which showed:

��# Built application files
*.apk
*.ap_

# ...

I have no idea how these ended up there, but recreating the file fixed the issue. A hex analysis of the corrupt file showed the following:

user@dev ~/project/myproject $ xxd -b .gitignore
00000000: 11111111 11111110 00100011 00000000 00100000 00000000  ..#. .
00000006: 01000010 00000000 01110101 00000000 01101001 00000000  B.u.i.

回答16:

I had this problem, with a .gitignore file containing this line:

lib/ext/

I just realized that in fact, this directory is a symbolic link to a folder somewhere else:

ls -la lib/ext/
lrwxr-xr-x 1 roipoussiere users 47 Feb  6 14:16 lib/ext -> /home/roipoussiere/real/path/to/the/lib

On the line lib/ext/, Git actually looks for a folder, but a symbolic link is a file, so my lib folder is not ignored.

I fixed this by replacing lib/ext/ by lib/ext in my .gitignore file.

回答17:

I had this same problem. I believe the issue was a CR vs. CR+LF discrepancy. I stashed things in my .gitignore using CMD (on Windows 7) and the following command:

Bad:

echo "file_to_be_ignored.py" >> .gitignore<br>
echo "*~" >> .gitignore

Etc.

The issue was that this command does not place the correct end-of-line marker for Git to recognize the newlines (either CR or CR+LF when Git expects the other). I solved the problem by manually replacing each newline in Vim (Vim to the rescue!) and it worked perfectly.

Try editing your .gitignore in Notepad++ or Vim (ideally). Even if the file looks like it's formatted correctly, try replacing the newlines. It sounds weird, I know, but it worked for me. :D

回答18:

OK, so in my case the accepted solution did not work, and what worked is described here:

Is Visual Studio 2013 ignoring your .gitignore file?

In short:

Close Visual Studio.
Navigate to your .git folder
Delete ms-persist.xml
Restart Visual Studio

回答19:

One thing to also look at: Are you saving your .gitignore file with the correct line endings?

Windows:

If you're using it on Windows, are you saving it with Windows line endings? Not all programs will do this by default; Notepad++ and many PHP editors default to Linux line endings so the files will be server compatible. One easy way to check this, is open the file in Windows Notepad. If everything appears on one line, then the file was saved with Linux line endings.

Linux:

If you are having trouble with the file working in a Linux environment, open the file in an editor such as Emacs or nano. If you see any non-printable characters, then the file was saved with Windows line endings.

回答20:

Just remove the folder or file, which was committed previously in Git, by the following command. Then gitignore file will reflect the correct files.

    git rm -r -f "folder or files insides"

回答21:

One tricky thing not covered by the other answers here is that the .gitignore file won't work if you have inline comments, like this:

foo/bar # The bar file contains sensitive data so we don't want to make this public

So, if you do have comments like that, change them like this:

# The bar file contains sensitive data so we don't want to make this public
foo/bar

回答22:

It is also a possibility that you edited the .gitignore file with a sudo command. I encountered the same issue and while executing the commands: git status, I could still see the "should be ignored" files.

Upon editing with nano .gitignore instead of sudo nano .gitignore, I could see the correct reflection.

回答23:

I've created .gitignore using echo "..." > .gitignore in PowerShell in Windows, because it does not let me to create it in Windows Explorer.

The problem in my case was the encoding of the created file, and the problem was solved after I changed it to ANSI.

回答24:

Another possible reason – a few instances of Git clients running at the same time. For example, "git shell" + "GitHub Desktop", etc.

This happened to me. I was using "GitHub Desktop" as the main client, and it was ignoring some new .gitignore settings: commit after commit:

You commit something.
Next, commit: it ignores .gitignore settings. Commit includes lots of temporary files mentioned in the .gitignore.
Clear Git cache; check whether .gitignore is UTF-8; remove files → commit → move files back; skip one commit – nothing helped.

Reason: the Visual Studio Code editor was running in the background with the same opened repository. Visual Studio Code has built-in Git control, and this makes for some conflicts.

Solution: double-check multiple, hidden Git clients and use only one Git client at a time, especially while clearing the Git cache.

回答25:

I too have the same issue on Ubuntu, I created the .gitignore from the terminal and it works for me

touch .gitignore

回答26:

If you are a Notepad++ user, try doing the following:

Open your .gitignore file using Notepad++ and do:

Menu Edit → EOL Conversion → Windows Format → Save.

Try using git status again and see if it works for you.

I have posted the answer to a similar question here.

回答27:

For me it was yet another problem. My .gitignore file is set up to ignore everything except stuff that I tell it to not ignore. Like such:

/*
!/content/

Now this obviously means that I'm also telling Git to ignore the .gitignore file itself. Which was not a problem as long as I was not tracking the .gitignore file. But at some point I committed the .gitignore file itself. This then led to the .gitignore file being properly ignored.

So adding one more line fixed it:

/*
!/content/
!.gitignore

回答28:

Mine wasn't working because I've literaly created a text document called .gitignore

Instead, create a text document, open it in Notepad++ then save as .gitignore

Make sure to pick All types (*.*) from the dropdown when you save it.

Or in gitbash, simply use touch .gitignore

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11451535/gitignore-is-ignored-by-git

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gitignore