I'd like to document what high-level (i.e. C++ not inline assembler ) functions or macros are available for Compare And Swap (CAS) atomic primitives...
E.g., WIN32 on x86 has a family of functions _InterlockedCompareExchange in the <_intrin.h> header.
I'll let others list the various platform-specific APIs, but for future reference in C++09 you'll get the
atomic_compare_exchange()
operation in the new "Atomic operations library".
glib, a common system library on Linux and Unix systems (but also supported on Windows and Mac OS X), defines several atomic operations, including g_atomic_int_compare_and_exchange and g_atomic_pointer_compare_and_exchange.
GCC has some built-ins for atomic accesses, too.
On Solaris there is "atomic.h" (i.e. <sys/atomic.h>).
MacOS X has OSAtomic.h
There have been a series of working group papers on this subject proposing changes to the C++ Standard Library. WG N2427 (C++ Atomic Types and Operations) is the most recent, which contributes to section 29 -- Atomic operations library -- of the pending standard.
java has this CAS operation, too
see here
there are practical uses for this, like a lock-free hashtable used in multiprocessor system
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/151841/high-level-compare-and-swap-cas-functions