问题
I have seen git commands use a syntax such as HEAD~, but I haven't been able to find this syntax in the Git Reference Manual.
Here is what I have understood: <commit>~<n> refers to the commit <n> steps earlier than <commit> (where <n> is an integer number), and commit~ simply means the same and that <n> implicitly is one.
Now, is this correct? In that case, does this always work? What if <commit> is the result of a merge between two branches, which commit will then <commit>~ refer to? Is there some corresponding syntax for referring to the next commit or the commit <n> steps later?
回答1:
You have a very clear explanation of how this works in the chapter on Acenstry References in Pro Git:
~is used to get the first parent.^can be used to get the other parents (^2, for example, for a merge).
But you don't have a simple way to reference the next commit, even if there are more convoluted ways to get it.
回答2:
To simply answer the question from title (since that's what got me here from Google):
To checkout the previous commit:
git checkout HEAD^
To checkout the next commit (assuming there's no branching):
git checkout `git log --reverse --ancestry-path HEAD..master | head -n 1 | cut -d \ -f 2`
回答3:
Inspired by @cexbrayat's answer, I find it useful to think of it this way:
How to refer to something in a commit's ancestry, where a commit can have multiple parents:
^nspecifies which parent~nspecifies which generation
Both default to one.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16062358/referring-to-the-previous-next-commit-in-git