Python - Date & Time Comparison using timestamps, timedelta

问题

I've spent the past hour digging around the Python docs and many SO questions; please forgive me for being another Python newbie trapped by the mystery of time difference in Python.

My goal is to determine the difference between the current time and a certain date/time regardless of being in the past/future and return a workable format such as seconds.

For example, if the inputs are 2:00PM and 4:00PM (now), I'd like it to say "-7200", representing the event occurred two hours AGO. If the inputs are Fri 4:00PM (now) and Sun 5:00PM the output should be "176400" seconds, representing two days and 1 hour from now.

Here are the things I've tried...

My first version was a function that took a string timestamp and pieced it to multiple variables, and then compared them. It was clunky with many errors and I imagine if I posted it here I would be responsible for a programmers throwing up.
I stumbled upon this magical timedelta function and explored the docs and SO, but I don't think it does what I'm looking for.
I had the idea to convert both timestamps into seconds since epoch and then subtract, but this becomes a problem if the subtraction is in the wrong order (different cases if the event is in the future), and I feel like adding if statements to check the sign of the seconds would be clunky and something to avoid.

This is my current code (still needs to be fixed for 'bi-directional' comparison), from a previously resolved SO question:

now = time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y")
then = time.ctime(os.path.getmtime("x.cache"))
tdelta = datetime.strptime(now, '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y') - datetime.strptime(then, '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y')

And I feel like I should somehow be able to pull seconds from this, like in this question: Python's timedelta: can't I just get in whatever time unit I want the value of the entire difference?

But I am at a lost on how to connect these dots.

How can I accomplish this?

回答1:

You should be able to use

tdelta.total_seconds()

to get the value you are looking for. This is because tdelta is a timedelta object, as is any difference between datetime objects.

A couple of notes:

Using strftime followed by strptime is superfluous. You should be able to get the current datetime with datetime.now.
Similarly, using time.ctime followed by strptime is more work than needed. You should be able to get the other datetime object with datetime.fromtimestamp.

So, your final code could be

now = datetime.now()
then = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime("x.cache"))
tdelta = now - then
seconds = tdelta.total_seconds()

回答2:

What's wrong with this method?

>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> a = datetime.now()
>>> b = datetime.now() # after a few seconds
>>> delta = a-b
>>> delta.total_seconds()
-6.655989

Note that total_seconds is only available in Python 2.7 <, but per the documentation is:

Equivalent to (td.microseconds + (td.seconds + td.days * 24 * 3600) * 10**6) / 10**6 computed with true division enabled.

which yields the exact same result.

回答3:

I had the same problem couple of months ago. What you are looking for is datetime.timedelta and datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(). Here is an example for how to use them to fix your problem.

import datetime
import time
t1 = time.time()
#do something to kill time or get t2 from somewhere
a = [i for i in range(1000)]
t2 = time.time()
#get the difference as datetime.timedelta object
diff=(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(t1) - datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(t2))
#diff is negative as t2 is in the future compared to t2
print('difference is {0} seconds'.format(abs(diff.total_seconds())))

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12131766/python-date-time-comparison-using-timestamps-timedelta

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python

timedelta