Find files and tar them (with spaces)

问题

Alright, so simple problem here. I\'m working on a simple back up code. It works fine except if the files have spaces in them. This is how I\'m finding files and adding them to a tar archive:

find . -type f | xargs tar -czvf backup.tar.gz

The problem is when the file has a space in the name because tar thinks that it\'s a folder. Basically is there a way I can add quotes around the results from find? Or a different way to fix this?

回答1:

Use this:

find . -type f -print0 | tar -czvf backup.tar.gz --null -T -

It will:

deal with files with spaces, newlines, leading dashes, and other funniness
handle an unlimited number of files
won't repeatedly overwrite your backup.tar.gz like using tar -c with xargs will do when you have a large number of files

Also see:

GNU tar manual
How can I build a tar from stdin?, search for null

回答2:

There could be another way to achieve what you want. Basically,

Use the find command to output path to whatever files you're looking for. Redirect stdout to a filename of your choosing.
Then tar with the -T option which allows it to take a list of file locations (the one you just created with find!)
```
find . -name "*.whatever" > yourListOfFiles
tar -cvf yourfile.tar -T yourListOfFiles
```

回答3:

Try running:

    find . -type f | xargs -d "\n" tar -czvf backup.tar.gz

回答4:

Why not:

tar czvf backup.tar.gz *

Sure it's clever to use find and then xargs, but you're doing it the hard way.

Update: Porges has commented with a find-option that I think is a better answer than my answer, or the other one: find -print0 ... | xargs -0 ....

回答5:

If you have multiple files or directories and you want to zip them into independent *.gz file you can do this. Optional -type f -atime

find -name "httpd-log*.txt" -type f -mtime +1 -exec tar -vzcf {}.gz {} \;

This will compress

httpd-log01.txt
httpd-log02.txt

httpd-log01.txt.gz
httpd-log02.txt.gz

回答6:

Why not give something like this a try: tar cvf scala.tar `find src -name *.scala`

回答7:

Another solution as seen here:

find var/log/ -iname "anaconda.*" -exec tar -cvzf file.tar.gz {} +

回答8:

Would add a comment to @Steve Kehlet post but need 50 rep (RIP).

For anyone that has found this post through numerous googling, I found a way to not only find specific files given a time range, but also NOT include the relative paths OR whitespaces that would cause tarring errors. (THANK YOU SO MUCH STEVE.)

find . -name "*.pdf" -type f -mtime 0 -printf "%f\0" | tar -czvf /dir/zip.tar.gz --null -T -

. relative directory
-name "*.pdf" look for pdfs (or any file type)
-type f type to look for is a file
-mtime 0 look for files created in last 24 hours
-printf "%f\0" Regular -print0 OR -printf "%f" did NOT work for me. From man pages:

This quoting is performed in the same way as for GNU ls. This is not the same quoting mechanism as the one used for -ls and -fls. If you are able to decide what format to use for the output of find then it is normally better to use '\0' as a terminator than to use newline, as file names can contain white space and newline characters.

-czvf create archive, filter the archive through gzip , verbosely list files processed, archive name

Edit 2019-08-14: I would like to add, that I was also able to use essentially use the same command in my comment, just using tar itself:

tar -czvf /archiveDir/test.tar.gz --newer-mtime=0 --ignore-failed-read *.pdf

Needed --ignore-failed-read in-case there were no new PDFs for today.

回答9:

The best solution seem to be to create a file list and then archive files because you can use other sources and do something else with the list.

For example this allows using the list to calculate size of the files being archived:

#!/bin/sh

backupFileName="backup-big-$(date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M")"
backupRoot="/var/www"
backupOutPath=""

archivePath=$backupOutPath$backupFileName.tar.gz
listOfFilesPath=$backupOutPath$backupFileName.filelist

#
# Make a list of files/directories to archive
#
echo "" > $listOfFilesPath
echo "${backupRoot}/uploads" >> $listOfFilesPath
echo "${backupRoot}/extra/user/data" >> $listOfFilesPath
find "${backupRoot}/drupal_root/sites/" -name "files" -type d >> $listOfFilesPath

#
# Size calculation
#
sizeForProgress=`
cat $listOfFilesPath | while read nextFile;do
    if [ ! -z "$nextFile" ]; then
        du -sb "$nextFile"
    fi
done | awk '{size+=$1} END {print size}'
`

#
# Archive with progress
#
## simple with dump of all files currently archived
#tar -czvf $archivePath -T $listOfFilesPath
## progress bar
sizeForShow=$(($sizeForProgress/1024/1024))
echo -e "\nRunning backup [source files are $sizeForShow MiB]\n"
tar -cPp -T $listOfFilesPath | pv -s $sizeForProgress | gzip > $archivePath

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5891866/find-files-and-tar-them-with-spaces

标签

Linux

find

backup

tar