Ubuntu18.04初始化

更新源：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse     deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse     deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse     deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse     deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse     deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse     deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse     deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse     deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse     deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

添加中文输入法：（Ubuntu18.04版使用fctix+sougoupinyin选词乱码）
- Setting->Region & Language->Manage Installed Languages
- Select Install
- shutdown -r now
- 在Input Source中添加Chinese(Pinyin)
安装Chrome：
- sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
- wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
- 上面命令如果失败则在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list中删除deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/deb/ stable main
- sudo apt update
- sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
- 安装Chrome插件（开发者模式）链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z0Ugy9XEaLf3F74lNC5LzQ 提取码: f3fc
- Google用户登陆Chrome。。。

安装配置git和vim：

sudo apt-get install git vim
配置git：
- git config --global user.name "xxx"
- git config --global user.email "xxx@xx.com"
- ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "xxx@xx.com"
- cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
- 将生成的ssh-key配置到github中即可。

配置Vim：

mkdir -p ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
cd ~/.vim
mkdir colors
git clone https://github.com/tomasr/molokai.git
cp -a molokai/colors/* colors/
cd ~ & gedit .vimrc
.vimrc配置如下：

set number "set nonumber "设置行间距 set linespace=15 "配色 colorscheme molokai "不与vi兼容，采用vim自己的操作命令 set nocompatible "语法高亮 syntax on "在底部显示模式 set showmode "命令模式下，在底部显示当前输入的指令 set showcmd "支持使用鼠标 set mouse=a set selection=exclusive set selectmode=mouse,key "设置粘贴模式 "set paste "共享剪贴板 set clipboard=unnamed "使用 utf-8编码 缓存文本 set encoding=utf-8 "文件编码 set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936 "输出终端编码 set termencoding=utf-8 "按下回车键之后，下一行的缩进会自动跟上一行的缩进保持一致 set autoindent "按下Tab键之后，Vim显示的空格数 set tabstop=4 "Tab键自动转为空格 set expandtab "Tab转为多少个空格 set softtabstop=4 "显示光标所在的当前行的行号，其他行都为相对于改行的相对行号 "set relativenumber "光标所在的当前行高亮 set cursorline "设置行宽 "set textwidth=80 "自动折行 "set wrap "set nowrap "只有遇到指定的符号，才发生折行，不会在单次内部折行 "set linebreak "指定折行处与编辑窗口右边缘之间空出的字符数 "set wrapmargin=2 "垂直滚动时，光标距离顶部或底部的位置 "set scrolloff=5 "水平滚动时，光标距离行首或行尾的距离 "set sidescrolloff=15 "是否显示状态栏 set laststatus=2 "在状态栏显示光标的当前位置 set ruler "光标遇到圆括号，方括号，自动高亮对应另一半 set showmatch "搜索时，高亮匹配结果 set hlsearch "输入搜索模式，每输入一个字符，就自动跳到第一个匹配的结果 set incsearch "搜索是忽略大小写 "set ignorecase "英语拼写检查 "set spell spelllang=en_us "自动切换工作目录到正在编辑的文件 set autochdir "vim需要记住多少次历史操作 set history=1000 "打开文件监视，防止文件在外部被更改 set autoread " 命令模式下，底部操作指令按下Tab键自动补全 set wildmenu set wildmode=longest:list,full "配置插件管理器Vundle set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim "runtimepath运行路径 call vundle#begin() "在这里安装插件 Plugin 'gmarik/Vundle.vim' "安装NERDTree Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree' "支持markdown Plugin 'godlygeek/tabular' Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown' Plugin 'suan/vim-instant-markdown' call vundle#end() " 确保文件类型检测打开 filetype plugin on "配置markdown " 关闭实时预览 let g:instant_markdown_slow = 0 " 关闭打开文件自动预览 let g:instant_markdown_autostart = 1 " 开放给网络上的其他人 let g:instant_markdown_open_to_the_world = 1 " 允许脚本允许 let g:instant_markdown_allow_unsafe_content = 1 " 阻止外部资源加载 let g:instant_markdown_allow_external_content = 0 " 配置NERDTree map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR> autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTree") && b:NERDTree.isTabTree()) | q | endif "窗口图标 let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '▸' let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '▾' ""窗口位置 let g:NERDTreeWinPos='left' ""窗口尺寸 let g:NERDTreeSize=30    ""窗口是否显示行号 let g:NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1 ""不显示隐藏文件 let g:NERDTreeHidden=0

进入到vim中，执行命令：:PluginInstall

安装nodejs：
- sudo apt-get install nodejs
- sudo apt-get install npm
- sudo npm -g install n //nodejs的版本管理工具
vim配置markdown：
- 前置步骤：4 & 5
- sudo npm -g install instant-markdown-d
- sudo apt install ruby-pygments.rb
- sudo apt install ruby-redcarpet
- 目前发现chrome没反应
美化grub：
- 下载grub主题：grub主题地址
- 解压：tar -xf Tela-1080p.tar.xz
- 创建grub主题目录：sudo mkdir /boot/grub/themes
- 拷贝文件：sudo cp -a Tela-1080p/Tela /boot/grub/themes/
- 配置：sudo vim /etc/default/grub添加GRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/Tela/theme.txt"
- 使生效：sudo update-grub

设置grub：

备份grub.cfg：sudo cp /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.bak
打开grub.cfg注释下面的配置：

#submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { #   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-71-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { #       recordfail #       load_video #       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode #       insmod gzio #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi #       insmod part_msdos #       insmod ext2 #       set root='hd0,msdos6' #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       else #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       fi #       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...' #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff #       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...' #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic #   } #   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-71-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { #       recordfail #       load_video #       insmod gzio #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi #       insmod part_msdos #       insmod ext2 #       set root='hd0,msdos6' #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       else #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       fi #       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...' #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset  #       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...' #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic #   } #   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { #       recordfail #       load_video #       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode #       insmod gzio #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi #       insmod part_msdos #       insmod ext2 #       set root='hd0,msdos6' #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       else #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       fi #       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...' #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff #       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...' #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic #   } #   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { #       recordfail #       load_video #       insmod gzio #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi #       insmod part_msdos #       insmod ext2 #       set root='hd0,msdos6' #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       else #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #       fi #       echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...' #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=UUID=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset  #       echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...' #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic #   } #}  ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### #menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' { #   insmod part_msdos #   insmod ext2 #   set root='hd0,msdos6' #   if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #   else #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #   fi #   knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } #menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { #   insmod part_msdos #   insmod ext2 #   set root='hd0,msdos6' #   if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #   else #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 #   fi #   linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 #} ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

更新grub配置：sudo update-grub

卸载不需要的软件：
- firefox: sudo apt-get remove firefox firefox-locale-en firefox-locale-zh-hans
安装系统指示器：
- sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
- sudo apt-get update
- sudo apt-get install syspeek
美化
- 安装工具：sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
- 将关闭按钮调至左侧：
- 去掉Shell上无法修改的叹号：
  - sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions重启gnome-tweaks-tool查看结果。
  - 如果还没去掉，则需要通过Firefox或Chromean安装GNOME Shell Extension，以下是用Chrome安装的步骤：
  - 在Chrome中打开连接https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gnome-shell-integration/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep 添加扩展GNOME Shell integration
  - sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell
  - 在Chrome中打开https://extensions.gnome.org/搜索User Themes
  - 进入User Themes并启动。
  - 重启gnome-tweaks-tool可以看到Extensions下的User themes已经启动，并且Shell的叹号已经消失。
- 截至到现在工具配置完毕，接下来美化主题和图标：
  - 下载主题：McMojave，Mojave-light.tar.xz
  - 下载图标：McMojave-circle 01-McMojave-circle.tar.xz
  - tar -xf Mojave-light.tar.xz 01-McMojave-circle.tar.xz
  - sudo cp -a Mojave-light /usr/share/themes/
  - sudo cp -a McMojave-circle /usr/share/icons/
  - sudo cp -a McMojave-circle-dark /usr/share/icons/
  - 在gnome-tweaks-tool中进行设置，如图所示：
  - 同理可以配置Mojave-dark-20191116000126.tar.xz
- 配置Dock：
  - 在Chrome中打开https://extensions.gnome.org/，搜索Dash to Dock
  - 进入到Dash to Dock并开启
  - 重新打开gnome-tweaks-tool在Extensions界面启动Dash to dock
  - 点击配置按钮进行配置，如下图所示：
- 开机动画：
  - 下载开机动画主题：https://www.pling.com/p/1176419/
  - 下载之后解压unzip suadesplash.zip 得到 suade/
  - sudo cp -a suade /usr/share/plymouth/themes/
  - 备份默认配置文件：sudo cp /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth.bak
  - 修改配置文件/etc/alternatives/default.plymouth：
```
[Plymouth Theme] Name=Ubuntu Logo Description=A theme that features a blank background with a logo. ModuleName=script  [script] ImageDir=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo*/ ScriptFile=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade/mdv.script /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.script*/
```
- 设置登陆界面：
  - 备份设置登陆界面的css文件：sudo cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css.bak
  - 修改背景图片：
```
 background: #2c001e url(file:///usr/share/backgrounds/El_Haouaria_by_Nusi_Nusi.jpg); /*原为background: #2c001e url(resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/noise-texture.png);*/
```
- 修改TopBar
  - 先打开gnome-tweaks-tool查看当前的Shell主题，如图所示：
  - 修改该主题下的gnome-shell.css，sudo gedit /usr/share/themes/Mojave-dark/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css，如下所示：
```
#panel {   background-color: rgba(34,139,34, 0.8);   /* transition from solid to transparent */   transition-duration: 250ms;   font-weight: normal; //原为bold   height: 23px;//原为28px   box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); }
```
  - 修改之后保存，执行Alt+F2输入r重新加载即可。