Join table twice - on two different columns of the same table

问题

I have a very confusing database with a table that holds two values I need in a separate table. Here is my issue:

Table1
- id

Table2
- id
- table1_id
- table3_id_1
- table3_id_2

Table3
- id
- value

I need to go from table1 and do a join that would give me back the value from table3 in two separate columns. So I want something like this:

table1.id | table2.id | table2.table3_id_1 | table2.table3_id_2 | X | Y

Where X and Y are the values for the row connected by table3_id_1 and table3_id_2 respectively.

Possibly make them variables or something so I can filter them in a WHERE clause as well?

回答1:

SELECT t2.table1_id
     , t2.id          AS table2_id
     , t2.table3_id_1
     , t2.table3_id_2
     , t31.value      AS x
     , t32.value      AS y
FROM   table2 t2
LEFT   JOIN table3 t31 ON t31.id = t2.table3_id_1
LEFT   JOIN table3 t32 ON t32.id = t2.table3_id_2;

There is no need to involve table1. table2 has all you need - assuming there is a foreign key constraint guaranteeing referential integrity (all t2.table1_id are actually present in table1). Else you may want to join to table1, thereby selecting only rows also present in table1.

I use LEFT [OUTER] JOIN (and not [INNER] JOIN) to join to both instances of table3 for a similar reason: it is unclear whether referential integrity is guaranteed - and whether any of the key columns can be NULL. An [INNER] JOIN would drop rows from the result where no match is found. I assume you would rather display such rows with a NULL value for any missing x or y.

table3.id needs to be UNIQUE, or we might multiply rows with several matches from each LEFT JOIN:

Two SQL LEFT JOINS produce incorrect result

回答2:

If you join a table several times, use aliases to distinguish them:

SELECT table1.id,table2.id,table2.table3_id_1,table2.table3_id_2,t3_1.id,t3_2.id
FROM table1
JOIN table2 ON table1.id=table2.table1_id
JOIN table3 t3_1 ON table2.table3_id_1=t3_1.id
JOIN table3 t3_2 ON table2.table3_id_2=t3_2.id
WHERE ... t3_1.id=... AND ... t3_2.id=...

回答3:

select t1.id as table1_id, 
    t2.id as table2_id, 
    t2.table3_id_1, 
    t2.table3_id_2,
    t3_1.value as X, 
    t3_2.value as Y
from Table1 t1
inner join Table2 t2 on t1.id = t2.table1_id
inner join Table3 t3_1 on t2.table3_id_1 = t3_1.id
inner join Table3 t3_2 on t2.table3_id_2 = t3_2.id
where t3_1.value = 'some_value'
    or t3_2.value = 'some_other_value'

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10710271/join-table-twice-on-two-different-columns-of-the-same-table

标签

sql

postgresql

join

foreign-keys

left-join