How to inject different services at runtime based on a property with Spring without XML

问题

I am using Spring Boot for Java standalone application. I have a bean which makes use of a service. I want to inject different implementations of that service at runtime, based on a property in a properties file with Spring (4 for that matter).

---

This sounds like the Factory pattern, but Spring also allows using annotations to solve the problem, like this.

@Autowired @Qualifier("selectorProperty") private MyService myService;

Then in the beans.xml file I have an alias, so that I can use the property in the @Qualifier.

<alias name="${selector.property}" alias="selectorProperty" />

And in my different implementations I would have different qualifiers.

@Component("Selector1")
public class MyServiceImpl1

@Component("Selector2")
public class MyServiceImpl2

application.properties

selector.property = Selector1

selector.property = Selector2

---

Whereas regarding the factory pattern, in Spring you can use ServiceLocatorFactoryBean to create a factory that would give you the same functionality.

<bean
  class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ServiceLocatorFactoryBean"
  id="myServiceFactory">
  <property
    name="serviceLocatorInterface"
    value="my.company.MyServiceFactory">
  </property>
</bean>

public interface MyServiceFactory
{
    MyService getMyService(String selector);
}

And then in your bean you can use something like this to get the right implementation at runtime depending on the value of the property.

@Value("${selector.property}") private String selectorProperty;

@Autowired private MyServiceFactory myServiceFactory;

private MyService myService;

@PostConstruct
public void postConstruct()
{
    this.myService = myServiceFactory.getMyService(selectorProperty);
}

But the problem with this solution is that I could not find a way to avoid using XML to define the factory, and I would like to use only annotations.

---

So the question would be, is there a way to use the ServiceLocatorFactoryBean (or something equivalent) using only annotations, or am I forced to use the @Autowired @Qualifier way if I do not want to define beans in XML? Or is there any other way to inject different services at runtime based on a property with Spring 4 avoiding XML? If your answer is just use the @Autowired @Qualifier with the alias, please give a reason why that is better than using a well known factory pattern.

Using the extra XML is forcing me to use @ImportResource("classpath:beans.xml") in my Launcher class, which I'd rather not use either.

Thanks.

回答1:

I'm using Spring profiles

For example with dataSources Using it you can define as many dataSources, as you like

@Configuration
@Profile("dev")
public class StandaloneDataConfig {

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
            .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.HSQL)
            .addScript("classpath:com/bank/config/sql/schema.sql")
            .addScript("classpath:com/bank/config/sql/test-data.sql")
            .build();
    }

}

@Configuration
@Profile("cloud")
public class CloudDataConfig {

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
            .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.HSQL)
            .addScript("classpath:com/bank/config/sql/schema.sql")
            .addScript("classpath:com/bank/config/sql/test-data.sql")
            .build();
    }

}

And in runtime, by specifying

-Dspring.profiles.active="myProfile"

you active one or another configuration (All of them must be imported in your main Configuration, they are just ignored based on active profile).

Here is a good article: http://spring.io/blog/2011/02/14/spring-3-1-m1-introducing-profile/

回答2:

Actually, you can use ServiceLocatorFactory without XML by declaring it as a bean in your configuration file.

@Bean
public ServiceLocatorFactoryBean myFactoryServiceLocatorFactoryBean()
{
    ServiceLocatorFactoryBean bean = new ServiceLocatorFactoryBean();
    bean.setServiceLocatorInterface(MyServiceFactory.class);
    return bean;
}

@Bean
public MyServiceFactory myServiceFactory()
{
    return (MyServiceFactory) myFactoryServiceLocatorFactoryBean().getObject();
}

Then you can still use the factory as usual, but no XML is involved.

@Value("${selector.property}") private String selectorProperty;

@Autowired @Qualifier("myServiceFactory") private MyServiceFactory myServiceFactory;

private MyService myService;

@PostConstruct
public void postConstruct()
{
    this.myService = myServiceFactory.getMyService(selectorProperty);
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26463393/how-to-inject-different-services-at-runtime-based-on-a-property-with-spring-with