I have created a Rx.Observable from a stream of events:

Rx.Observable.fromEvent(recognizeStream, 'data')

In which every data event looks like this:

{ error: null, alternatives: [result1, result2, result3] }

I want to pluck every value inside the array of alternatives and merge those into the stream. What operators do I have to look at?

As far as I know the flatMap and concatMap could do the job but I don't get the idea from their example.

Can somebody explain which operator i should use and provide me with an example?

The family of xxxMap() operators all deal with higher-order Observables. Which means they allow you to create Observables inside the main Observable and inline the resulting values into the primary stream. So you could read the type signature as Observable<Observable<T>> => Observable<T>

Given a stream which every emission x is an Observable containing 4 value emissions:

input:  --x----------x 
flatMap   a-a-a-a-|  b-b-b-b-|
result: --a-a-a-a----b-b-b-b-|

Typecasting xxxMap(myFnc) return values

The xxxMap() operators all work with results of type Observable, Promise or Array. Depending on what you put into it will get converted to Observable if needed.

Rx.Observable.of('')
  .flatMap(() => [1,2,3,4])
  .subscribe(val => console.log('array value: ' + val));

Rx.Observable.of('')
  .flatMap(() => Promise.resolve(1))
  .subscribe(val => console.log('promise value: ' + val));

Rx.Observable.of('')
  .flatMap(() => Promise.resolve([1,2,3,4]))
  .subscribe(val => console.log('promise array value: ' + val));

Rx.Observable.of('')
  .flatMap(() => Rx.Observable.from([1,2,3,4]))
  .subscribe(val => console.log('Observable value: ' + val));

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In your case you can easily flatMap the objects and return the arrays:

Rx.Observable.of({ error: null, alternatives: ['result1', 'result2', 'result3'] })
  .flatMap(val => val.alternatives)
  .subscribe(console.log);

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Difference between all xxxMap operators

What does mergeMap do

flatMap, better known as mergeMap will merge all emissions whenever they come into the main stream.

concatMap

concatMap will wait for all emissions to complete before concat the next stream:

switchMap

but switchMap will abandon the previous stream when a new emission is available and switch to emit values from the new stream:

You should pluck "alternatives" then to iterate over the array use from, as from creates a new observable you need to flatten up it, so use you need flatMap to do the job. So finally you have alternatives back into the stream.

try it:

var data = {
  error: null,
  alternatives: [{
    result: 1
  }, {
    result: 2
  }, {
    result: 3
  }]
}

var input$ = Rx.Observable.of(data);
input$.pluck('alternatives').flatMap(alternatives => Rx.Observable.from(alternatives)).subscribe(alternative => console.log(alternative));

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Operators flatMap() and concatMap() are both a good choice. You can just turn the alternatives property to another Observable and then emit the array items merged into the stream.

const Observable = Rx.Observable;

Observable.of({ error: null, alternatives: ['result1', 'result2', 'result3'] })
  .concatMap(val => {
    return Observable.from(val['alternatives']);
  })
  .subscribe(val => console.log(val));

This prints to console: