How do I use the `If` `then` `else` condition in json schema?

Question

A relatively new addition to JSON Schema (draft-07) adds the if, then and else keywords. I cannot work out how to use these new key words correctly. Here is my JSON Schema so far:

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "foo": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "bar": {
      "type": "string"
    }
  },
  "if": {
    "properties": {
      "foo": {
        "enum": [
          "bar"
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "then": {
    "required": [
      "bar"
    ]
  }
}

If the "foo" property equals "bar", Then the "bar" property is required. This works as expected.

However, if the "foo" property does not exist or input is empty then I don't want anything. how to acheive this?

empty input {}.

Found Errors:
Required properties are missing from object: bar. Schema path: #/then/required

I use online validation tool:

https://www.jsonschemavalidator.net/

Answer 1

The if keyword means that, if the result of the value schema passes validation, apply the then schema, otherwise apply the else schema.

Your schema didn't work because you needed to require "foo" in your if schema, otherwise an empty JSON instance would pass validation of the if schema, and therefore apply the then schema, which requires "bar".

Second, you want "propertyNames":false, which prevents having any keys in the schema, unlike if you were to set "else": false which would make anything always fail validation.

{
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "foo": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "bar": {
      "type": "string"
    }
  },
  "if": {
    "properties": {
      "foo": {
        "enum": [
          "bar"
        ]
      }
    },
    "required": [
      "foo"
    ]
  },
  "then": {
    "required": [
      "bar"
    ]
  },
  "else": false
}

Answer 2

Can't you just use the "else" property ?

{
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "foo": { "type": "string" },
        "bar": { "type": "string" }
     },
     "if": {
        "properties": {
            "foo": { 
              "enum": ["bar"] 
            }
        }
    },
    "then": { 
      "required": ["bar"]
    },
    "else": {
      "required": [] 
    }
}

Answer 3

What if these keys are not on same level e.g. C1 is Required when A1.B1 is V1 i.e.

{ "A1":{ "B1":"V1" } }

So C1 should only be required when A1 and B1 both exists and A1.B1 is V1.