Serialising an Enum member to JSON

问题

How do I serialise a Python Enum member to JSON, so that I can deserialise the resulting JSON back into a Python object?

For example, this code:

from enum import Enum    
import json

class Status(Enum):
    success = 0

json.dumps(Status.success)

results in the error:

TypeError: <Status.success: 0> is not JSON serializable

How can I avoid that?

回答1:

If you want to encode an arbitrary enum.Enum member to JSON and then decode it as the same enum member (rather than simply the enum member's value attribute), you can do so by writing a custom JSONEncoder class, and a decoding function to pass as the object_hook argument to json.load() or json.loads():

PUBLIC_ENUMS = {
    'Status': Status,
    # ...
}

class EnumEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        if type(obj) in PUBLIC_ENUMS.values():
            return {"__enum__": str(obj)}
        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

def as_enum(d):
    if "__enum__" in d:
        name, member = d["__enum__"].split(".")
        return getattr(PUBLIC_ENUMS[name], member)
    else:
        return d

The as_enum function relies on the JSON having been encoded using EnumEncoder, or something which behaves identically to it.

The restriction to members of PUBLIC_ENUMS is necessary to avoid a maliciously crafted text being used to, for example, trick calling code into saving private information (e.g. a secret key used by the application) to an unrelated database field, from where it could then be exposed (see http://chat.stackoverflow.com/transcript/message/35999686#35999686).

Example usage:

>>> data = {
...     "action": "frobnicate",
...     "status": Status.success
... }
>>> text = json.dumps(data, cls=EnumEncoder)
>>> text
'{"status": {"__enum__": "Status.success"}, "action": "frobnicate"}'
>>> json.loads(text, object_hook=as_enum)
{'status': <Status.success: 0>, 'action': 'frobnicate'}

回答2:

I know this is old but I feel this will help people. I just went through this exact problem and discovered if you're using string enums, declaring your enums as a subclass of str works well for almost all situations:

import json
from enum import Enum

class LogLevel(str, Enum):
    DEBUG = 'DEBUG'
    INFO = 'INFO'

print(LogLevel.DEBUG)
print(json.dumps(LogLevel.DEBUG))
print(json.loads('"DEBUG"'))
print(LogLevel('DEBUG'))

Will output:

LogLevel.DEBUG
"DEBUG"
DEBUG
LogLevel.DEBUG

As you can see, loading the JSON outputs the string DEBUG but it is easily castable back into a LogLevel object. A good option if you don't want to create a custom JSONEncoder.

回答3:

The correct answer depends on what you intend to do with the serialized version.

If you are going to unserialize back into Python, see Zero's answer.

If your serialized version is going to another language then you probably want to use an IntEnum instead, which is automatically serialized as the corresponding integer:

from enum import IntEnum
import json

class Status(IntEnum):
    success = 0
    failure = 1

json.dumps(Status.success)

and this returns:

'0'

回答4:

I liked Zero Piraeus' answer, but modified it slightly for working with the API for Amazon Web Services (AWS) known as Boto.

class EnumEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
    if isinstance(obj, Enum):
        return obj.name
    return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

I then added this method to my data model:

    def ToJson(self) -> str:
        return json.dumps(self.__dict__, cls=EnumEncoder, indent=1, sort_keys=True)

I hope this helps someone.

回答5:

In Python 3.7, can just use json.dumps(enum_obj, default=str)

回答6:

If you are using jsonpickle the easiest way should look as below.

from enum import Enum
import jsonpickle


@jsonpickle.handlers.register(Enum, base=True)
class EnumHandler(jsonpickle.handlers.BaseHandler):

    def flatten(self, obj, data):
        return obj.value  # Convert to json friendly format


if __name__ == '__main__':
    class Status(Enum):
        success = 0
        error = 1

    class SimpleClass:
        pass

    simple_class = SimpleClass()
    simple_class.status = Status.success

    json = jsonpickle.encode(simple_class, unpicklable=False)
    print(json)

After Json serialization you will have as expected {"status": 0} instead of

{"status": {"__objclass__": {"py/type": "__main__.Status"}, "_name_": "success", "_value_": 0}}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24481852/serialising-an-enum-member-to-json