python-docx库可用于创建和编辑Microsoft Word(.docx)文件。
官方文档:https://python-docx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
备注:
doc是微软的专有的文件格式,docx是Microsoft Office2007之后版本使用,其基于Office Open XML标准的压缩文件格式,比
doc文件所占用空间更小。docx格式的文件本质上是一个ZIP文件,所以其实也可以把.docx文件直接改成.zip,解压后,里面的
word/document.xml包含了Word文档的大部分内容,图片文件则保存在word/media里面。
python-docx不支持.doc文件,间接解决方法是在代码里面先把.doc转为.docx。
一、安装包
pip3 install python-docx
二、创建word文档
下面是在官文示例基础上对个别地方稍微修改,并加上函数的使用说明
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches
document = Document()
#添加标题,并设置级别,范围:0 至 9,默认为1
document.add_heading('Document Title', 0)
#添加段落,文本可以包含制表符(\t)、换行符(\n)或回车符(\r)等
p = document.add_paragraph('A plain paragraph having some ')
#在段落后面追加文本,并可设置样式
p.add_run('bold').bold = True
p.add_run(' and some ')
p.add_run('italic.').italic = True
document.add_heading('Heading, level 1', level=1)
document.add_paragraph('Intense quote', style='Intense Quote')
#添加项目列表(前面一个小圆点)
document.add_paragraph(
'first item in unordered list', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph('second item in unordered list', style='List Bullet')
#添加项目列表(前面数字)
document.add_paragraph('first item in ordered list', style='List Number')
document.add_paragraph('second item in ordered list', style='List Number')
#添加图片
document.add_picture('monty-truth.png', width=Inches(1.25))
records = (
(3, '101', 'Spam'),
(7, '422', 'Eggs'),
(4, '631', 'Spam, spam, eggs, and spam')
)
#添加表格:一行三列
# 表格样式参数可选:
# Normal Table
# Table Grid
# Light Shading、 Light Shading Accent 1 至 Light Shading Accent 6
# Light List、Light List Accent 1 至 Light List Accent 6
# Light Grid、Light Grid Accent 1 至 Light Grid Accent 6
# 太多了其它省略...
table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=3, style='Light Shading Accent 2')
#获取第一行的单元格列表
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
#下面三行设置上面第一行的三个单元格的文本值
hdr_cells[0].text = 'Qty'
hdr_cells[1].text = 'Id'
hdr_cells[2].text = 'Desc'
for qty, id, desc in records:
#表格添加行,并返回行所在的单元格列表
row_cells = table.add_row().cells
row_cells[0].text = str(qty)
row_cells[1].text = id
row_cells[2].text = desc
document.add_page_break()
#保存.docx文档
document.save('demo.docx')
创建的demo.docx内容如下:

三、读取word文档
from docx import Document
doc = Document('demo.docx')
#每一段的内容
for para in doc.paragraphs:
print(para.text)
#每一段的编号、内容
for i in range(len(doc.paragraphs)):
print(str(i), doc.paragraphs[i].text)
#表格
tbs = doc.tables
for tb in tbs:
#行
for row in tb.rows:
#列
for cell in row.cells:
print(cell.text)
#也可以用下面方法
'''text = ''
for p in cell.paragraphs:
text += p.text
print(text)'''
运行结果:
Document Title A plain paragraph having some bold and some italic. Heading, level 1 Intense quote first item in unordered list second item in unordered list first item in ordered list second item in ordered list 0 Document Title 1 A plain paragraph having some bold and some italic. 2 Heading, level 1 3 Intense quote 4 first item in unordered list 5 second item in unordered list 6 first item in ordered list 7 second item in ordered list 8 9 Qty Id Desc 3 101 Spam 7 422 Eggs 4 631 Spam, spam, eggs, and spam [Finished in 0.2s]