How to get a list of a repository branches using Python

问题

I am trying to get a list of all the branches available on my repository using Python with this code :

import subprocess

branches = ["All"]
command = "git branch -r"
branch_list = subprocess.check_output(command)

for branch in branch_list:
   print branch
   branches.append[branch]

What I want is to have something like :

print branches[0] # is "All"
print branches[1] # is "branch1"
print branches[2] # is "branch2"
etc etc

but instead of that I have

print branches[0] # is "All"
print branches[1] # is "b"
print branches[2] # is "r"
print branches[3] # is "a"
print branches[4] # is "n"
print branches[5] # is "c"
print branches[6] # is "h"
etc etc

Thank you for your time and your help

回答1:

Taking a peek at the check_output documentation, it looks like we're getting a blob of bytes back. To make it easier to work with, we can decode it. Then, since git branch -r outputs one branch per line, split the string on newlines:

branches = subprocess.check_output(command).decode().split('\n')

BUT I think there's an even easier way to do it. Every single object in git corresponds to some file under the .git directory. In this case, you can find your list of branches in .git/refs/heads:

import os
branches = os.listdir('.git/refs/heads')

EDIT (2020/10/13): I've spent some more time with subprocess since writing this response and wanted to point out the text option (via subprocess.run):

If encoding or errors are specified, or text is true, file objects for stdin, stdout and stderr are opened in text mode using the specified encoding and errors or the io.TextIOWrapper default.

This means you could write the check_output expression as:

branches = subprocess.check_output(command, text=True).split('\n')

leaving encoding and decoding to the system. Whichever you prefer!

回答2:

Try decodeing it:

stdout = subprocess.check_output('git branch -a'.split())
out = stdout.decode()
branches = [b.strip('* ') for b in out.splitlines()]
print(branches)

output:

['master', 'second', 'test']

回答3:

For python3,

import subprocess

# refs/remotes for remote tracking branches.
# refs/heads for local branches if necessary, and
# refs/tags for tags
cmd = 'git for-each-ref refs/remotes --format="%(refname)"'
status, output = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)
branches = ["All"]
if status == 0:
    branches += output.split('\n')
print(branches)

For python2, replace subprocess with commands.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56905963/how-to-get-a-list-of-a-repository-branches-using-python

标签

python

git

subprocess