Restrict generic T to specific types

问题

I have the following method:

public static IResult<T, String> Validate<T>(this T value) {
} // Validate

How can I restrict T to be Int16, Int32, Int64, Double and String?

回答1:

You can't restrict generics in that way, you can only choose a single class as a constraint. You must either make 5 overloads or find a interface all 5 of those things share and use that. Which option you choose will depend on what Validate doe.

Here is how you would do the overloads.

public static IResult<Int16, String> Validate<T>(this Int16 value) {
} // Validate

public static IResult<Int32, String> Validate<T>(this Int32 value) {
} // Validate

public static IResult<Int54, String> Validate<T>(this Int64 value) {
} // Validate

public static IResult<double, String> Validate<T>(this double value) {
} // Validate

public static IResult<String, String> Validate<T>(this String value) {
} // Validate

Here is by using a common interface, all of the members you list Implement IConvertible so you could restrict by that, however this will allow any IConvertible not just the 5 you listed.

public static IResult<T, String> Validate<T>(this T value) where IConvertible {
} // Validate

回答2:

You can only do this:

public static IResult<T, String> Validate<T>(this T value) where T: int
{
    //validate
}

Only classes and interfaces can be used as constraint.

回答3:

Such constraints for generics are not available. The closest you can get with generics to what you want to achieve, is to add the following constraints:

public static IResult<T, String> Validate<T>(this T value) 
    : where T IConvertible, IComparable, IComparable<T>, IEquatable<T>
{
    // Validate
}

All the primitive types implement these interfaces. To further restrict, the only option is to check the type at runtime and throw an exception if it doesn't match:

Type type = typeof(T);
if (type != typeof(Int16) &&
    type != typeof(Int32) &&
    type != typeof(Int64) &&
    type != typeof(Double) &&
    type != typeof(String))
{
    throw new ArgumentException();
}

This isn't the nicest solution, but atleast it will give you a bit of compile time safety and also runtime safety.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30819791/restrict-generic-t-to-specific-types

标签

generics