问题
The permissions in the directories in which I am working are frequently too convoluted to use scp efficiently, so to copy files/folders between ssh sessions I've decided to cobble together tar and base64 for a ghetto solution. However, for some reason I'm getting a bunch of As padding at the end of my files.
For example:
# tar -cO file1.txt file2.txt | hexdump -C
00000000 66 69 6c 65 31 2e 74 78 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |file1.txt.......|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000060 00 00 00 00 30 30 30 30 36 34 34 00 30 30 30 30 |....0000644.0000|
00000070 30 30 30 00 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 00 30 30 30 30 |000.0000000.0000|
00000080 30 30 30 30 37 32 32 00 31 32 32 30 32 35 33 37 |0000722.12202537|
00000090 35 33 34 00 30 31 31 33 32 31 00 20 30 00 00 00 |534.011321. 0...|
000000a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000100 00 75 73 74 61 72 20 20 00 72 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 |.ustar .root...|
00000110 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000120 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 |.........root...|
00000130 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000200 4c 6f 72 65 6d 20 69 70 73 75 6d 20 64 6f 6c 6f |Lorem ipsum dolo|
00000210 72 20 73 69 74 20 61 6d 65 74 2c 20 63 6f 6e 73 |r sit amet, cons|
00000220 65 63 74 65 74 75 72 20 61 64 69 70 69 73 63 69 |ectetur adipisci|
00000230 6e 67 20 65 6c 69 74 2e 20 49 6e 74 65 67 65 72 |ng elit. Integer|
00000240 20 67 72 61 76 69 64 61 20 73 63 65 6c 65 72 69 | gravida sceleri|
00000250 73 71 75 65 20 73 61 70 69 65 6e 20 69 64 20 61 |sque sapien id a|
00000260 64 69 70 69 73 63 69 6e 67 2e 20 46 75 73 63 65 |dipiscing. Fusce|
00000270 20 69 61 63 75 6c 69 73 20 70 65 6c 6c 65 6e 74 | iaculis pellent|
00000280 65 73 71 75 65 20 76 65 6e 65 6e 61 74 69 73 2e |esque venenatis.|
00000290 20 41 65 6e 65 61 6e 20 70 6f 73 75 65 72 65 20 | Aenean posuere |
000002a0 71 75 61 6d 20 76 69 74 61 65 20 61 6c 69 71 75 |quam vitae aliqu|
000002b0 61 6d 20 73 63 65 6c 65 72 69 73 71 75 65 2e 20 |am scelerisque. |
000002c0 56 65 73 74 69 62 75 6c 75 6d 20 75 74 20 76 6f |Vestibulum ut vo|
000002d0 6c 75 74 70 61 74 20 6a 75 73 74 6f 2e 20 44 6f |lutpat justo. Do|
000002e0 6e 65 63 20 66 72 69 6e 67 69 6c 6c 61 20 65 73 |nec fringilla es|
000002f0 74 20 6e 69 73 6c 2c 20 73 65 64 20 6c 6f 62 6f |t nisl, sed lobo|
00000300 72 74 69 73 20 76 65 6c 69 74 20 6d 6f 6c 65 73 |rtis velit moles|
00000310 74 69 65 20 69 64 2e 20 53 65 64 20 69 6d 70 65 |tie id. Sed impe|
00000320 72 64 69 65 74 20 73 65 6d 70 65 72 20 6d 61 75 |rdiet semper mau|
00000330 72 69 73 20 73 65 64 20 63 6f 6e 67 75 65 2e 20 |ris sed congue. |
00000340 45 74 69 61 6d 20 73 69 74 20 61 6d 65 74 20 6f |Etiam sit amet o|
00000350 64 69 6f 20 76 65 68 69 63 75 6c 61 2c 20 63 6f |dio vehicula, co|
00000360 6e 64 69 6d 65 6e 74 75 6d 20 74 75 72 70 69 73 |ndimentum turpis|
00000370 20 6e 6f 6e 2c 20 76 69 76 65 72 72 61 20 6e 75 | non, viverra nu|
00000380 6e 63 2e 20 53 75 73 70 65 6e 64 69 73 73 65 20 |nc. Suspendisse |
00000390 6c 61 6f 72 65 65 74 20 6d 61 73 73 61 20 65 67 |laoreet massa eg|
000003a0 65 74 20 74 6f 72 74 6f 72 20 73 61 67 69 74 74 |et tortor sagitt|
000003b0 69 73 2c 20 75 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 65 63 74 65 74 |is, ut consectet|
000003c0 75 72 20 6d 61 67 6e 61 20 74 65 6d 70 6f 72 2e |ur magna tempor.|
000003d0 20 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ...............|
000003e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000400 66 69 6c 65 32 2e 74 78 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |file2.txt.......|
00000410 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000460 00 00 00 00 30 30 30 30 36 34 34 00 30 30 30 30 |....0000644.0000|
00000470 30 30 30 00 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 00 30 30 30 30 |000.0000000.0000|
00000480 30 30 30 31 33 34 37 00 31 32 32 30 32 35 33 37 |0001347.12202537|
00000490 35 36 32 00 30 31 31 33 32 37 00 20 30 00 00 00 |562.011327. 0...|
000004a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000500 00 75 73 74 61 72 20 20 00 72 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 |.ustar .root...|
00000510 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000520 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 |.........root...|
00000530 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000600 50 68 61 73 65 6c 6c 75 73 20 6c 6f 72 65 6d 20 |Phasellus lorem |
00000610 6d 65 74 75 73 2c 20 74 69 6e 63 69 64 75 6e 74 |metus, tincidunt|
00000620 20 73 69 74 20 61 6d 65 74 20 61 6c 69 71 75 61 | sit amet aliqua|
00000630 6d 20 61 63 2c 20 68 65 6e 64 72 65 72 69 74 20 |m ac, hendrerit |
00000640 65 74 20 61 6e 74 65 2e 20 43 75 72 61 62 69 74 |et ante. Curabit|
00000650 75 72 20 6c 61 63 69 6e 69 61 20 6e 69 73 69 20 |ur lacinia nisi |
00000660 75 74 20 6f 72 6e 61 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 64 69 6d |ut ornare condim|
00000670 65 6e 74 75 6d 2e 20 41 6c 69 71 75 61 6d 20 65 |entum. Aliquam e|
00000680 72 61 74 20 76 6f 6c 75 74 70 61 74 2e 20 43 75 |rat volutpat. Cu|
00000690 6d 20 73 6f 63 69 69 73 20 6e 61 74 6f 71 75 65 |m sociis natoque|
000006a0 20 70 65 6e 61 74 69 62 75 73 20 65 74 20 6d 61 | penatibus et ma|
000006b0 67 6e 69 73 20 64 69 73 20 70 61 72 74 75 72 69 |gnis dis parturi|
000006c0 65 6e 74 20 6d 6f 6e 74 65 73 2c 20 6e 61 73 63 |ent montes, nasc|
000006d0 65 74 75 72 20 72 69 64 69 63 75 6c 75 73 20 6d |etur ridiculus m|
000006e0 75 73 2e 20 44 6f 6e 65 63 20 66 65 75 67 69 61 |us. Donec feugia|
000006f0 74 2c 20 65 6e 69 6d 20 70 72 65 74 69 75 6d 20 |t, enim pretium |
00000700 69 61 63 75 6c 69 73 20 73 75 73 63 69 70 69 74 |iaculis suscipit|
00000710 2c 20 64 6f 6c 6f 72 20 6d 69 20 63 6f 6e 67 75 |, dolor mi congu|
00000720 65 20 6e 75 6e 63 2c 20 61 20 64 69 67 6e 69 73 |e nunc, a dignis|
00000730 73 69 6d 20 70 75 72 75 73 20 61 6e 74 65 20 73 |sim purus ante s|
00000740 65 64 20 74 65 6c 6c 75 73 2e 20 44 6f 6e 65 63 |ed tellus. Donec|
00000750 20 65 74 20 6e 69 62 68 20 6d 61 6c 65 73 75 61 | et nibh malesua|
00000760 64 61 2c 20 62 69 62 65 6e 64 75 6d 20 6e 69 73 |da, bibendum nis|
00000770 69 20 6e 6f 6e 2c 20 69 6d 70 65 72 64 69 65 74 |i non, imperdiet|
00000780 20 65 72 61 74 2e 20 4e 75 6c 6c 61 20 70 75 6c | erat. Nulla pul|
00000790 76 69 6e 61 72 20 63 75 72 73 75 73 20 72 69 73 |vinar cursus ris|
000007a0 75 73 20 65 67 65 74 20 6d 61 74 74 69 73 2e 20 |us eget mattis. |
000007b0 4e 75 6c 6c 61 6d 20 6c 6f 62 6f 72 74 69 73 20 |Nullam lobortis |
000007c0 69 6e 74 65 72 64 75 6d 20 66 72 69 6e 67 69 6c |interdum fringil|
000007d0 6c 61 2e 20 53 75 73 70 65 6e 64 69 73 73 65 20 |la. Suspendisse |
000007e0 6e 65 63 20 69 70 73 75 6d 20 64 61 70 69 62 75 |nec ipsum dapibu|
000007f0 73 2c 20 6d 6f 6c 6c 69 73 20 66 65 6c 69 73 20 |s, mollis felis |
00000800 69 64 2c 20 72 75 74 72 75 6d 20 61 6e 74 65 2e |id, rutrum ante.|
00000810 20 46 75 73 63 65 20 66 61 63 69 6c 69 73 69 73 | Fusce facilisis|
00000820 20 6d 61 6c 65 73 75 61 64 61 20 6c 61 63 69 6e | malesuada lacin|
00000830 69 61 2e 20 53 65 64 20 76 65 6e 65 6e 61 74 69 |ia. Sed venenati|
00000840 73 20 73 61 67 69 74 74 69 73 20 72 69 73 75 73 |s sagittis risus|
00000850 20 61 20 73 63 65 6c 65 72 69 73 71 75 65 2e 20 | a scelerisque. |
00000860 4d 61 75 72 69 73 20 62 6c 61 6e 64 69 74 20 65 |Mauris blandit e|
00000870 75 69 73 6d 6f 64 20 61 6c 69 71 75 61 6d 2e 20 |uismod aliquam. |
00000880 51 75 69 73 71 75 65 20 61 63 20 73 6f 6c 6c 69 |Quisque ac solli|
00000890 63 69 74 75 64 69 6e 20 6d 69 2c 20 71 75 69 73 |citudin mi, quis|
000008a0 20 76 75 6c 70 75 74 61 74 65 20 6f 64 69 6f 2e | vulputate odio.|
000008b0 20 4e 75 6c 6c 61 6d 20 6d 61 6c 65 73 75 61 64 | Nullam malesuad|
000008c0 61 20 70 65 6c 6c 65 6e 74 65 73 71 75 65 20 6c |a pellentesque l|
000008d0 6f 72 65 6d 20 73 65 64 20 75 6c 6c 61 6d 63 6f |orem sed ullamco|
000008e0 72 70 65 72 2e 20 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |rper. ..........|
000008f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00002800
Becomes: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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
I mean, this just seems like FAR too many zeroes. Does base64 encoding do something to sequential \0 bytes that I'm not aware of? And what's the deal with hexdump outputting those lines of simply *?
Edit
The full, working command is: tar -czOb 1 file1.txt file2.txt | base64 -w 0
Then you can copy the output, run base64 -d | tar -xzf -, paste the code in, hit enter and Ctrl+D, and your files have been moved.
回答1:
In the output from hexdump a line that is only a * means that those bytes that are omitted are just NUL.
Looking at the hexdump output from tar, it skips from 8f0 to 2800 bytes, which is 1f10 (or 7952) NUL bytes. That's where the AAAs come from.
As for tar producing all the NULs, that has to do with the block size. See Remove trailing null characters produced by tar.
回答2:
Base64 encoding does nothing to NULs... except encoding runs of them as AAAAA....
The * is hexdump telling you that all the data in there is the same. So yes, lots of NULs. Therefore lots of As.
Also, rsync.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18221065/tar-co-base64-output-contains-several-hundred-bytes-of-aaa-at-the-end