在hive-0.8.0后引入了import/export命令。
Export命令可以导出一张表或分区的数据和元数据信息到一个输出位置，并且导出数据可以被移动到另一个hadoop集群或hive实例，并且可以通过import命令导入数据。
当导出一个分区表，原始数据可能在hdfs的不同位置，export/import命令也支持导出分区表的不同子分区。
本次不考虑复制功能。
语法
EXPORT TABLE tablename [PARTITION (part_column="value"[, ...])]
TO 'export_target_path'
IMPORT [[EXTERNAL] TABLE new_or_original_tablename [PARTITION (part_column="value"[, ...])]]
FROM 'source_path'
[LOCATION 'import_target_path'] 简单的导出导入
# 导出非分区表
export table tb_insert_multi_03 to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
import from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
# 操作过程
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> desc tb_insert_multi_03;
OK
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
| col_name | data_type | comment |
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
| id | int | |
| name | string | |
| hobby | array<string> | |
| add | map<string,string> | |
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
4 rows selected (0.127 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> export table tb_insert_multi_03 to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
Copying data from file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_09-30-38_538_7055450388292522332-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying file: file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_09-30-38_538_7055450388292522332-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_03
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_03/000000_0
OK
# 导入前要求表没数据或者没有该表
No rows affected (0.224 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10119]: Table exists and contains data files
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10119]: Table exists and contains data files (state=42000,code=10119)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> truncate table tb_insert_multi_03;
OK
No rows affected (0.24 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03/data
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03/data/000000_0
Loading data to table db01.tb_insert_multi_03
OK
No rows affected (0.337 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> select * from tb_insert_multi_03;
OK
+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| tb_insert_multi_03.id | tb_insert_multi_03.name | tb_insert_multi_03.hobby | tb_insert_multi_03.add |
+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| 1 | xiaoming | ["book","TV","code"] | {"beijing":"chaoyang","shagnhai":"pudong"} |
| 2 | lilei | ["book","code"] | {"nanjing":"jiangning","taiwan":"taibei"} |
| 3 | lihua | ["music","book"] | {"heilongjiang":"haerbin"} |
+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
3 rows selected (0.199 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> drop table tb_insert_multi_03;
OK
No rows affected (0.269 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03/data
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03/data/000000_0
Loading data to table db01.tb_insert_multi_03
OK
No rows affected (0.477 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> select * from tb_insert_multi_03;
OK
+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| tb_insert_multi_03.id | tb_insert_multi_03.name | tb_insert_multi_03.hobby | tb_insert_multi_03.add |
+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| 1 | xiaoming | ["book","TV","code"] | {"beijing":"chaoyang","shagnhai":"pudong"} |
| 2 | lilei | ["book","code"] | {"nanjing":"jiangning","taiwan":"taibei"} |
| 3 | lihua | ["music","book"] | {"heilongjiang":"haerbin"} |
+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
3 rows selected (0.187 seconds)导入时修改表名
# 相关命令
export table tb_insert_multi_03 to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
import table tb_insert_multi_03_new from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
# 操作过程
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> desc tb_insert_multi_03_new;
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10001]: Table not found tb_insert_multi_03_new
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10001]: Table not found tb_insert_multi_03_new (state=42S02,code=10001)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import table tb_insert_multi_03_new from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03';
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03/data
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03/data/000000_0
Loading data to table db01.tb_insert_multi_03_new
OK
No rows affected (0.518 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> desc tb_insert_multi_03_new;
OK
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
| col_name | data_type | comment |
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
| id | int | |
| name | string | |
| hobby | array<string> | |
| add | map<string,string> | |
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
4 rows selected (0.11 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> select * from tb_insert_multi_03_new;
OK
+----------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| tb_insert_multi_03_new.id | tb_insert_multi_03_new.name | tb_insert_multi_03_new.hobby | tb_insert_multi_03_new.add |
+----------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| 1 | xiaoming | ["book","TV","code"] | {"beijing":"chaoyang","shagnhai":"pudong"} |
| 2 | lilei | ["book","code"] | {"nanjing":"jiangning","taiwan":"taibei"} |
| 3 | lihua | ["music","book"] | {"heilongjiang":"haerbin"} |
+----------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
3 rows selected (0.204 seconds)
导出分区
# 相关命令
export table tb_insert_multi_02 partition(part_tag5='first',part_tag6=100) to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02';
import from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02';
# 操作过程
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> desc tb_insert_multi_02;
OK
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+--+
| col_name | data_type | comment |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+--+
| id | int | |
| name | string | |
| hobby | array<string> | |
| add | map<string,string> | |
| part_tag5 | string | |
| part_tag6 | int | |
| | NULL | NULL |
| # Partition Information | NULL | NULL |
| # col_name | data_type | comment |
| | NULL | NULL |
| part_tag5 | string | |
| part_tag6 | int | |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+--+
12 rows selected (0.14 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> export table tb_insert_multi_02 partition(part_tag5='first',part_tag6=100) to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02';
Copying data from file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-11-24_297_4948890082470094094-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying file: file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-11-24_297_4948890082470094094-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0_copy_1
OK
No rows affected (0.387 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> truncate table tb_insert_multi_02;
OK
No rows affected (0.437 seconds)
# 导入前表不能存在，清空也不行
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02';
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10118]: Partition already exists part_tag5=first,part_tag6=100
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10118]: Partition already exists part_tag5=first,part_tag6=100 (state=42000,code=10118)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> drop table tb_insert_multi_02;
OK
No rows affected (0.413 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02';
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0_copy_1
Loading data to table db01.tb_insert_multi_02 partition (part_tag5=first, part_tag6=100)
OK
No rows affected (1.094 seconds)导入分区
# 相关命令
export table tb_insert_multi_02 to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part';
import table tb_insert_multi_02 partition(part_tag5='first',part_tag6=100) from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part';
#操作过程
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> export table tb_insert_multi_02 to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part';
Copying data from file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-23-26_282_5284710576756694959-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying file: file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-23-26_282_5284710576756694959-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_02/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0_copy_1
OK
No rows affected (0.461 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import table tb_insert_multi_02 partition(part_tag5='second',part_tag6=200) from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part';
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10006]: Partition not found - Specified partition not found in import directory
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10006]: Partition not found - Specified partition not found in import directory (state=42000,code=10006)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import table tb_insert_multi_02 partition(part_tag5='first',part_tag6=100) from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part';
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10118]: Partition already exists part_tag5=first,part_tag6=100
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10118]: Partition already exists part_tag5=first,part_tag6=100 (state=42000,code=10118)
# 导入的目标表不能存在
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> drop table tb_insert_multi_02;
OK
No rows affected (0.31 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import table tb_insert_multi_02 partition(part_tag5='first',part_tag6=100) from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part';
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_02_new_part/part_tag5=first/part_tag6=100/000000_0_copy_1
Loading data to table db01.tb_insert_multi_02 partition (part_tag5=first, part_tag6=100)
OK
No rows affected (1.032 seconds)导入指定location
试验操作持续不成功
export table tb_insert_multi_03 to '/tmp/hive/export/new/tb_insert_multi_03';
# 持续不成功
import table tb_insert_multi_03 from '/tmp/hive/export/new/tb_insert_multi_03' location '/usr/local/hive-2.1.1/data_dir/tb_insert_multi_03';
# 操作过程
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> export table tb_insert_multi_03 to '/tmp/hive/export/new/tb_insert_multi_03';
Copying data from file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-33-00_381_204953706829274488-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying file: file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-33-00_381_204953706829274488-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_03
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_03/000000_0
OK
No rows affected (0.243 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import table tb_insert_multi_03 from '/tmp/hive/export/new/tb_insert_multi_03' location '/usr/local/hive-2.1.1/data_dir/tb_insert_multi_03';
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10120]: The existing table is not compatible with the import spec. Location does not match
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10120]: The existing table is not compatible with the import spec. Location does not match (state=42000,code=10120)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> drop table tb_insert_multi_03;
OK
No rows affected (0.287 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import table tb_insert_multi_03 from '/tmp/hive/export/new/tb_insert_multi_03' location '/usr/local/hive-2.1.1/data_dir/tb_insert_multi_03';
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10324]: Import Semantic Analyzer Error
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10324]: Import Semantic Analyzer Error (state=42000,code=10324)导入为外部表
# 相关命令
export table tb_insert_multi_03 to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03_local';
import external table tb_insert_multi_03_external from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03_local';
# 操作过程
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> export table tb_insert_multi_03 to '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03_local';
Copying data from file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-28-26_583_4212076159541457251-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying file: file:/tmp/root/a88cded1-b448-4be9-b3b5-1fd40e12e3a2/hive_2018-10-12_10-28-26_583_4212076159541457251-21/-local-10000/_metadata
Copying data from hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_03
Copying file: hdfs://ns1/user/hive/warehouse/db01.db/tb_insert_multi_03/000000_0
OK
No rows affected (0.235 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> import external table tb_insert_multi_03_external from '/tmp/hive/export/tb_insert_multi_03_local';
OK
No rows affected (0.173 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> desc tb_insert_multi_03_external;
OK
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
| col_name | data_type | comment |
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
| id | int | |
| name | string | |
| hobby | array<string> | |
| add | map<string,string> | |
+-----------+---------------------+----------+--+
4 rows selected (0.107 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://node225:10000/db01> select * from tb_insert_multi_03_external;
OK
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| tb_insert_multi_03_external.id | tb_insert_multi_03_external.name | tb_insert_multi_03_external.hobby | tb_insert_multi_03_external.add |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
| 1 | xiaoming | ["book","TV","code"] | {"beijing":"chaoyang","shagnhai":"pudong"} |
| 2 | lilei | ["book","code"] | {"nanjing":"jiangning","taiwan":"taibei"} |
| 3 | lihua | ["music","book"] | {"heilongjiang":"haerbin"} |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+--+
3 rows selected (0.258 seconds)
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/3967174/blog/2244578