普通用户 hr进行expdp数据导出，报权限不够的错误
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ expdp hr/hr directory=exp_dir dumpfile=full.dmp full=y
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Oct 31 17:49:00 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORA-31631: privileges are required
ORA-39161: Full database jobs require privileges
报错了，主要是 hr用户没有 exp_full_database角色。
重新授予权限后，
sql> GRANT EXP_FULL_DATABASE TO hr;
问题搞定
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ expdp hr/hr directory=exp_dir dumpfile=full.dmp full=y
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Oct 31 17:54:42 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity.
Starting "HR"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01": hr/******** directory=exp_dir dumpfile=full.dmp full=y
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 370.1 MB
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/TABLESPACE
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/3635497/blog/3098831