比特币学习笔记(三)---配置文件和启动

試著忘記壹切 提交于 2020-04-29 04:32:17

编译后的几个主要程序

  • bitcoin-qt 客户端图形界面版

  • bitcoind /src/bitcoind Bitcoin简洁命令行版,也是下一步源代码分析的重点(不能与Bitcoin Core同事运行,如果不小心尝试同时运行另外一个客户端,它会提示已经有一个客户端在运行并且自动退出)

  • bitcoin-cli /src/bitcoin-cli Bitcoind的一个功能完备的RPC客户端,可以通过它在命令行查询某个区块信息,交易信息等

  • bitcoin-tx /src/bitcoind 比特币交易处理模块,可以进行交易的查询和创建

我们现阶段主要学习bitcoind这个程序,这个程序的启动参数大致如下

 //bitcoind 命令通用格式

  bitcoind [选项]

  bitcoind [选项] <命令> [参数]  将命令发送到 -server 或 bitcoind

  bitcoind [选项] help           列出命令

  bitcoind [选项] help <命令>    获取该命令的帮助


 //bitcoind常见命令

  -conf=<文件名>     指定配置文件(默认:bitcoin.conf)

  -pid=<文件名>      指定 pid (进程 ID)文件(默认:bitcoind.pid)

  -gen               生成比特币

  -gen=0             不生成比特币

  -min               启动时最小化

  -splash            启动时显示启动屏幕(默认:1)

  -datadir=<目录名>  指定数据目录

  -dbcache=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       设置数据库缓存大小,单位为兆字节(MB)(默认:25)</n>

  -dblogsize=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">     设置数据库磁盘日志大小,单位为兆字节(MB)(默认:100)</n>

  -timeout=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       设置连接超时,单位为毫秒</n>

  -proxy=<ip:端口 style="word-wrap: break-word;">   通过 Socks4 代理链接</ip:端口>

  -dns               addnode 允许查询 DNS 并连接

  -port=<端口>       监听 <端口> 上的连接(默认:8333,测试网络 testnet:18333)

  -maxconnections=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">  最多维护 <n style="word-wrap: break-word;">个节点连接(默认:125)</n></n>

  -addnode=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">      添加一个节点以供连接,并尝试保持与该节点的连接</ip>

  -connect=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">      仅连接到这里指定的节点</ip>

  -irc               使用 IRC(因特网中继聊天)查找节点(默认:0)

  -listen            接受来自外部的连接(默认:1)

  -dnsseed           使用 DNS 查找节点(默认:1)

  -banscore=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">      与行为异常节点断开连接的临界值(默认:100)</n>

  -bantime=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       重新允许行为异常节点连接所间隔的秒数(默认:86400)</n>

  -maxreceivebuffer=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">  最大每连接接收缓存,<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">*1000 字节(默认:10000)</n></n>

  -maxsendbuffer=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">  最大每连接发送缓存,<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">*1000 字节(默认:10000)</n></n>

  -upnp              使用全局即插即用(UPNP)映射监听端口(默认:0)

  -detachdb          分离货币块和地址数据库。会增加客户端关闭时间(默认:0)

  -paytxfee=<amt style="word-wrap: break-word;">    您发送的交易每 KB 字节的手续费</amt>

  -testnet           使用测试网络

  -debug             输出额外的调试信息

  -logtimestamps     调试信息前添加[时间戳](http://8btc.com/article-165-1.html)

  -printtoconsole    发送跟踪/调试信息到控制台而不是 debug.log 文件

  -printtodebugger   发送跟踪/调试信息到调试器

  -rpcuser=<用户名>  JSON-RPC 连接使用的用户名

  -rpcpassword=<密码>  JSON-RPC 连接使用的密码

  -rpcport=<port style="word-wrap: break-word;">    JSON-RPC 连接所监听的 <端口>(默认:8332)</port>

  -rpcallowip=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">   允许来自指定 <ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">地址的 JSON-RPC 连接</ip></ip>

  -rpcconnect=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">   发送命令到运行在 <ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">地址的节点(默认:127.0.0.1)</ip></ip>

  -blocknotify=<命令> 当最好的货币块改变时执行命令(命令中的 %s 会被替换为货币块哈希值)

  -upgradewallet     将钱包升级到最新的格式

  -keypool=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       将密匙池的尺寸设置为 <n style="word-wrap: break-word;">(默认:100)</n></n>

  -rescan            重新扫描货币块链以查找钱包丢失的交易

  -checkblocks=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">   启动时检查多少货币块(默认:2500,0 表示全部)</n>

  -checklevel=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">    货币块验证的级别(0-6,默认:1)</n>

**SSL 选项:**

  -rpcssl                                  使用 OpenSSL(https)JSON-RPC 连接

  -rpcsslcertificatechainfile=<文件.cert>  服务器证书文件(默认:server.cert)

  -rpcsslprivatekeyfile=<文件.pem>         服务器私匙文件(默认:server.pem)

  -rpcsslciphers=<密码>                    可接受的密码(默认:TLSv1+HIGH:!SSLv2:!aNULL:!eNULL:!AH:!3DES:@STRENGTH)

这里面大部分参数都可以省略,转而使用配置文件进行配置,因为使用配置文件更方便些,所以这里我们使用配置文件进行配置,在linux下时,bitcoin.conf的默认路径为$HOME/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf,我们可以从bitcoin源码的share/examples找到一份样本拷贝过去并进行修改,我的配置文件如下:

##
## bitcoin.conf configuration file. Lines beginning with # are comments.
##

# Network-related settings:

# Note that if you use testnet or regtest, particularly with the options
# addnode, connect, port, bind, rpcport, rpcbind or wallet, you will also
# want to read "[Sections]" further down.

# 在测试网络中运行,而不是在真正的比特币网络.
testnet=1

# Run a regression test network
# regtest=1

# 通过一个 Socks5 代理服务器连接
# proxy=127.0.0.1:9050

# Bind to given address and always listen on it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6
#bind=<addr>

# Bind to given address and whitelist peers connecting to it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6
#whitebind=<addr>

##############################################################
## addnode 与 connect 的区别 ##
## ##
## 假设您使用了 addnode=4.2.2.4 参数,那么 addnode 便会与 ##
## 您的节点连接,并且告知您的节点所有与它相连接的其它节点。 ##
## 另外它还会将您的节点信息告知与其相连接的其它节点,这样它 ##
## 们也可以连接到您的节点。 ##
## ##
## connect 在您的节点“连接”到它的时候并不会做上述工作。仅 ##
## 它会与您连接,而其它节点不会。 ##
## ##
## 因此如果您位于防火墙后,或者因为其它原因无法找到节点,则 ##
## 使用“addnode”添加一些节点。 ##
## ##
## 如果您想保证隐私,使用“connect”连接到那些您可以“信任” ##
## 的节点。 ##
## ##
## 如果您在一个局域网内运行了多个节点,您不需要让它们建立许多 ##
## 连接。您只需要使用“connect”让它们统一连接到一个已端口转 ##
## 发并拥有多个连接的节点。 ##
##############################################################

# Use as many addnode= settings as you like to connect to specific peers
#addnode=69.164.218.197
#addnode=10.0.0.2:8333

# Alternatively use as many connect= settings as you like to connect ONLY to specific peers
#connect=69.164.218.197
#connect=10.0.0.1:8333

# Listening mode, enabled by default except when 'connect' is being used
#listen=1

# Port on which to listen for connections (default: 8333, testnet: 18333, regtest: 18444)
#port=

# Maximum number of inbound+outbound connections.
#maxconnections=

#
# JSON-RPC options (for controlling a running Bitcoin/bitcoind process)
#

# server=1 tells Bitcoin-Qt and bitcoind to accept JSON-RPC commands
#server=0

# Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections.
# Refer to the manpage or bitcoind -help for further details.
#rpcbind=<addr>

# If no rpcpassword is set, rpc cookie auth is sought. The default `-rpccookiefile` name
# is .cookie and found in the `-datadir` being used for bitcoind. This option is typically used
# when the server and client are run as the same user.
#
# If not, you must set rpcuser and rpcpassword to secure the JSON-RPC API.
#
# The config option `rpcauth` can be added to server startup argument. It is set at initialization time
# using the output from the script in share/rpcauth/rpcauth.py after providing a username:
#
# ./share/rpcauth/rpcauth.py alice
# String to be appended to bitcoin.conf:
# rpcauth=alice:f7efda5c189b999524f151318c0c86$d5b51b3beffbc02b724e5d095828e0bc8b2456e9ac8757ae3211a5d9b16a22ae
# Your password:
# DONT_USE_THIS_YOU_WILL_GET_ROBBED_8ak1gI25KFTvjovL3gAM967mies3E=
#
# On client-side, you add the normal user/password pair to send commands:
#rpcuser=alice
#rpcpassword=DONT_USE_THIS_YOU_WILL_GET_ROBBED_8ak1gI25KFTvjovL3gAM967mies3E=
#
# You can even add multiple entries of these to the server conf file, and client can use any of them:
# rpcauth=bob:b2dd077cb54591a2f3139e69a897ac$4e71f08d48b4347cf8eff3815c0e25ae2e9a4340474079f55705f40574f4ec99

# How many seconds bitcoin will wait for a complete RPC HTTP request.
# after the HTTP connection is established.
#rpcclienttimeout=30

# By default, only RPC connections from localhost are allowed.
# Specify as many rpcallowip= settings as you like to allow connections from other hosts,
# either as a single IPv4/IPv6 or with a subnet specification.

# NOTE: opening up the RPC port to hosts outside your local trusted network is NOT RECOMMENDED,
# because the rpcpassword is transmitted over the network unencrypted.

# server=1 tells Bitcoin-Qt to accept JSON-RPC commands.
# it is also read by bitcoind to determine if RPC should be enabled
#rpcallowip=10.1.1.34/255.255.255.0
#rpcallowip=1.2.3.4/24
#rpcallowip=2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334/96

# 在如下端口监听 RPC 连接
# rpcport=8332

# 您可以通过如下设置使用 Bitcoin 或 bitcoind 来发送命令到一个在
# 其它主机远程运行的 Bitcoin/bitcoind 客户端
# rpcconnect=127.0.0.1

# Wallet options

# Specify where to find wallet, lockfile and logs. If not present, those files will be
# created as new.
#wallet=</path/to/dir>

# Create transactions that have enough fees so they are likely to begin confirmation within n blocks (default: 6).
# This setting is over-ridden by the -paytxfee option.
#txconfirmtarget=n

# Pay a transaction fee every time you send bitcoins.
#paytxfee=0.000x

# Miscellaneous options

# Pre-generate this many public/private key pairs, so wallet backups will be valid for
# both prior transactions and several dozen future transactions.
#keypool=100

# Enable pruning to reduce storage requirements by deleting old blocks.
# This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan.
# 0 = default (no pruning).
# 1 = allows manual pruning via RPC.
# >=550 = target to stay under in MiB.
#prune=550

# User interface options

# Start Bitcoin minimized
#min=1

# Minimize to the system tray
#minimizetotray=1

# [Sections]
# Most options apply to mainnet, testnet and regtest.
# If you want to confine an option to just one network, you should add it in the
# relevant section below.
# EXCEPTIONS: The options addnode, connect, port, bind, rpcport, rpcbind and wallet
# only apply to mainnet unless they appear in the appropriate section below.

# Options only for mainnet
[main]

# Options only for testnet
[test]

# Options only for regtest
[regtest]

然后我们只要调用bitcoind -datadir=数据目录,就可以进行bitcoind的启动了。

我个人的C盘空间吃紧,所以数据目录我就设成了f盘,启动命令如下:

bitcoind -datadir='/mnt/f/bitcoin_data/'  -conf='/home/lsm/bitcoin/bitcoin.conf'

 

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