Cannot set field value in assignment expression

问题

With Python 3.8 Assignment Expressions have been introduced, allowing to assign values in conditionals and lambdas as such:

if x := True:
    print(x)

However it appears this does not extends to attribute assignment, as trying to do something like this

from typing import NamedTuple 

class Test(NamedTuple): 
    field : bool

test = Test(field=False) 

if test.field := True: 
    print(test.field)

Will result in the following error:

SyntaxError: cannot use named assignment with attribute 

Is it really only possible to update attribute in assignment statements (as opposed to assignment expressions) and if yes why this limitation?

回答1:

From the pep:

Differences between assignment expressions and assignment statements

Most importantly, since := is an expression, it can be used in contexts where statements are illegal, including lambda functions and comprehensions.

Conversely, assignment expressions don't support the advanced features found in assignment statements:

• Single assignment targets other than a single NAME are not supported:

# No equivalent
a[i] = x
self.rest = []

Seems like it was just made to avoid things that are too complicated (Which is a sign that it should probably be turned into a full statement somewhere). Also, this can already be achieved with setattr:

# This is not that readable, but has the same semantics as what you asked for
if (setattr(test, 'field', new_test_field := ...), new_test_field)[1]:
    ...

# More readable with a helper function
def set_member(obj, member_name, new_value):
    setattr(obj, member_name, new_value)
    return new_value

if set_member(test, 'field', ...):
    ...


# But you might have wanted to check the new `test.field`
# instead of what you assigned it (In case it was a decorator)
def set_member(obj, member_name, new_value):
    setattr(obj, member_name, new_value)
    return getattr(obj, member_name)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59019647/cannot-set-field-value-in-assignment-expression